Changes

In 1938, American Communist<ref>Edward M. Collins, [http://books.google.com/books?id=YRa3Y2m_wrwC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r#PPA56,M1 ''Myth, Manifesto, Meltdown: Communist Strategy, 1848-1991''] (Westport, Connecticut: Praeger/Greenwood, 1998) ISBN 0275959384, p. 55; Kai Bird and Svetlana Chervonnaya, “[http://www.theamericanscholar.org/su07/ales-bird.html The Mystery of Ales],” ''The American Scholar'', Summer 2007</ref> [[Frederick Vanderbilt Field]] got Chi hired as a researcher at the [[Institute of Pacific Relations]] (IPR), an organization that would be described in a unanimous report of the [[Senate Judiciary Committee]] as "a vehicle used by Communists to orientate American Far Eastern policy toward Communist objectives."<ref>Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate, [http://ia360610.us.archive.org/0/items/instituteofpacif1952unit/instituteofpacif1952unit_bw.pdf Institute of Pacific Relations] (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1952), p. 225</ref> In a letter that year, the editor of the IPR's publication ''Pacific Affairs'', Owen Lattimore (who would be identified in a 1952 report of the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee as "a conscious, articulate instrument of the Soviet conspiracy"),<ref>[http://ia360610.us.archive.org/0/items/instituteofpacif1952unit/instituteofpacif1952unit_bw.pdf S. Rpt. 2050: Institute of Pacific Relations], 82d Cong., 2d sess., Serial 11574, Report of the Committee on the Judiciary Pursuant to S. Res. 366, 1952 (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1952), pp. 214-218 (PDF pp. 222-226)</ref> wrote to IPR General Secretary [[Edward C. Carter]] (President of the Board of Directors of the [[American Russian Institute]], listed by [[Attorney General of the United States]] [[Tom Clark|Thomas C. Clark]] on the [[Attorney General's List of Subversive Organizations]] for 1948, in accordance with President [[Harry Truman|Truman]]'s [[Executive Order 9835]]), "I think that you are pretty cagey in turning over so much of the China section of the inquiry to Asiaticus, Han-seng and Chi. They will bring out the absolutely essential radical aspects, but can be depended on to do it with the right touch..."<ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,856838,00.html The Right Touch]," ''Time'', August 6, 1951</ref> (“Asiaticus” was the Polish-born [[Comintern]] agent Moses Wolf Grzyb<ref>Robert P. Newman, [http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=ft296nb15t&chunk.id=d0e11129&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e4718&brand=eschol ''Owen Lattimore and the "Loss" of China''] (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992), ISBN 0-520-07388-6, p. 452</ref>; “Han-seng” refers to [[Chen Han-seng]], a member of [[Richard Sorge]]’s Soviet spy ring in Tokyo).<ref>Maochen Yu, "[http://www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/ACF1AE.pdf Chen Hansheng's Memoirs and Chinese Communist Espionage]," ''Cold War International History Project Bulletin'', 6-7 (Winter 1995/1996), p. 274</ref> Chi was Chi Cha'o-ting.

In 1938, American Communist<ref>Edward M. Collins, [http://books.google.com/books?id=YRa3Y2m_wrwC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r#PPA56,M1 ''Myth, Manifesto, Meltdown: Communist Strategy, 1848-1991''] (Westport, Connecticut: Praeger/Greenwood, 1998) ISBN 0275959384, p. 55; Kai Bird and Svetlana Chervonnaya, “[http://www.theamericanscholar.org/su07/ales-bird.html The Mystery of Ales],” ''The American Scholar'', Summer 2007</ref> [[Frederick Vanderbilt Field]] got Chi hired as a researcher at the [[Institute of Pacific Relations]] (IPR), an organization that would be described in a unanimous report of the [[Senate Judiciary Committee]] as "a vehicle used by Communists to orientate American Far Eastern policy toward Communist objectives."<ref>Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate, [http://ia360610.us.archive.org/0/items/instituteofpacif1952unit/instituteofpacif1952unit_bw.pdf Institute of Pacific Relations] (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1952), p. 225</ref> In a letter that year, the editor of the IPR's publication ''Pacific Affairs'', Owen Lattimore (who would be identified in a 1952 report of the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee as "a conscious, articulate instrument of the Soviet conspiracy"),<ref>[http://ia360610.us.archive.org/0/items/instituteofpacif1952unit/instituteofpacif1952unit_bw.pdf S. Rpt. 2050: Institute of Pacific Relations], 82d Cong., 2d sess., Serial 11574, Report of the Committee on the Judiciary Pursuant to S. Res. 366, 1952 (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1952), pp. 214-218 (PDF pp. 222-226)</ref> wrote to IPR General Secretary [[Edward C. Carter]] (President of the Board of Directors of the [[American Russian Institute]], listed by [[Attorney General of the United States]] [[Tom Clark|Thomas C. Clark]] on the [[Attorney General's List of Subversive Organizations]] for 1948, in accordance with President [[Harry Truman|Truman]]'s [[Executive Order 9835]]), "I think that you are pretty cagey in turning over so much of the China section of the inquiry to Asiaticus, Han-seng and Chi. They will bring out the absolutely essential radical aspects, but can be depended on to do it with the right touch..."<ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,856838,00.html The Right Touch]," ''Time'', August 6, 1951</ref> (“Asiaticus” was the Polish-born [[Comintern]] agent Moses Wolf Grzyb<ref>Robert P. Newman, [http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=ft296nb15t&chunk.id=d0e11129&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e4718&brand=eschol ''Owen Lattimore and the "Loss" of China''] (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992), ISBN 0-520-07388-6, p. 452</ref>; “Han-seng” refers to [[Chen Han-seng]], a member of [[Richard Sorge]]’s Soviet spy ring in Tokyo).<ref>Maochen Yu, "[http://www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/ACF1AE.pdf Chen Hansheng's Memoirs and Chinese Communist Espionage]," ''Cold War International History Project Bulletin'', 6-7 (Winter 1995/1996), p. 274</ref> Chi was Chi Cha'o-ting.

[[Philip Jaffe]], who in 1945 would plead guilty to "conspiracy to embezzle, steal and purloin" government property in the ''Amerasia'' case,<ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,812633-3,00.html The Strange Case of Amerasia]," ''Time'', Monday, June 12, 1950</ref>, said he was converted to Communism by Chi<ref>Philip J. Jaffe, ''The Amerasia Case from 1945 to the Present'' (New York: Philip J. Jaffe, 1979), p. 1</ref>, whom he judged "an exceptionally able propagandist for the cause of Chinese Communism."<ref>Philip J. Jaffe, ''The Amerasia Case from 1945 to the Present'' (New York: Philip J. Jaffe, 1979), p. 2</ref> American Communist Sidney Rittenberg (who was sent to China by the U.S. military in the 1940s and remained after the country fell to the Communists) concurred, describing Chi as “the best revolutionary propagandist of the lot,” who focused on making his English “smooth, appealing, and convincing to the Western reader.”<ref>Sidney Rittenberg and Amanda Bennett, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=_vTLJpWj-0wC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22%27%27The+Man+Who+Stayed+Behind%22&sig=Q5cPux6I4-IK0xjw3mfAX991GAI#PPA253,M1 The Man Who Stayed Behind]'' (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2001), ISBN 0822326671, p. 253</ref>

[[Philip Jaffe]], who in 1945 would plead guilty to "conspiracy to embezzle, steal and purloin" government property in the ''Amerasia'' case,<ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,812633-3,00.html The Strange Case of Amerasia]," ''Time'', Monday, June 12, 1950</ref>, said he was converted to Communism by Chi<ref>Philip J. Jaffe, ''The Amerasia Case from 1945 to the Present'' (New York: Philip J. Jaffe, 1979), p. 1</ref>, whom he judged "an exceptionally able propagandist for the cause of Chinese Communism."<ref>Philip J. Jaffe, ''The Amerasia Case from 1945 to the Present'' (New York: Philip J. Jaffe, 1979), p. 2</ref> American Communist [[Sidney Rittenberg]] (who was sent to China by the U.S. military in the 1940s and remained after the country fell to the Communists) concurred, describing Chi as “the best revolutionary propagandist of the lot,” who focused on making his English “smooth, appealing, and convincing to the Western reader.”<ref>Sidney Rittenberg and Amanda Bennett, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=_vTLJpWj-0wC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22%27%27The+Man+Who+Stayed+Behind%22&sig=Q5cPux6I4-IK0xjw3mfAX991GAI#PPA253,M1 The Man Who Stayed Behind]'' (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2001), ISBN 0822326671, p. 253</ref>

Through the influence of U.S. Assistant Secretary of the Treasury [[Harry Dexter White]] (who was also a Soviet agent)<ref>[http://Ultra-Secret.info/PDFs/venona.pdf FBI Memorandum: Ladd to Hoover, October 16, 1950 (PDF p. 16)]</ref>, Chi secured an appointment as confidential secretary to China's Finance Minister H. H. Kung,<ref>John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, ''Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999), ISBN 0300077718, p. 140; John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, ''In Denial: Historians, Communism & Espionage'' (San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2003), p. 289</ref>, in which post "Chi no doubt exercised considerable influence over the KMT's disastrous monetary policy"<ref>Harvey Klehr and Ronald Radosh, ''The Amerasia Spy Case: Prelude to McCarthyism'' (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996), p. 22</ref> and "disrupted Chiang Kai-shek's regime from within."<ref>John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, ''Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999), ISBN 0300077718, p. 140</ref>

Through the influence of U.S. Assistant Secretary of the Treasury [[Harry Dexter White]] (who was also a Soviet agent)<ref>[http://Ultra-Secret.info/PDFs/venona.pdf FBI Memorandum: Ladd to Hoover, October 16, 1950 (PDF p. 16)]</ref>, Chi secured an appointment as confidential secretary to China's Finance Minister H. H. Kung,<ref>John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, ''Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999), ISBN 0300077718, p. 140; John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, ''In Denial: Historians, Communism & Espionage'' (San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2003), p. 289</ref>, in which post "Chi no doubt exercised considerable influence over the KMT's disastrous monetary policy"<ref>Harvey Klehr and Ronald Radosh, ''The Amerasia Spy Case: Prelude to McCarthyism'' (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996), p. 22</ref> and "disrupted Chiang Kai-shek's regime from within."<ref>John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, ''Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999), ISBN 0300077718, p. 140</ref>