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[[Muckraker]]s were journalists who exposed waste, corruption and scandal in the highly influential new medium of national magazines, such as [[McClure's]]. Progressives shared a common belief in the ability of science, technology and disinterested expertise to identify all problems and come up with the one best solution.
[[Muckraker]]s were journalists who exposed waste, corruption and scandal in the highly influential new medium of national magazines, such as [[McClure's]]. Progressives shared a common belief in the ability of science, technology and disinterested expertise to identify all problems and come up with the one best solution.
===Purifying democracy===
===Purifying democracy===
{{main|Initiatives and referendums in the United States}}
Progressives moved to enable the citizenry to rule more directly and circumvent political bosses; California, Wisconsin and Oregon took the lead. California and Oregon established the [[Initiative]], [[Referendum]], and [[Recall]]. About 16 states began using [[Primary election]]s. Many cities set up municipal reference bureaus to study the budgets and administrative structures of local governments. In Illinois, governor [[Frank Lowden]] undertook a major reorganization of state government. In Wisconsin, the stronghold of [[Robert LaFollette]], the [[Wisconsin Idea]], inspired by Charles McCarthy, used the state university as the source of ideas and expertise.
Progressives moved to enable the citizenry to rule more directly and circumvent political bosses; California, Wisconsin and Oregon took the lead. California and Oregon established the [[Initiative]], [[Referendum]], and [[Recall]]. About 16 states began using [[Primary election]]s. Many cities set up municipal reference bureaus to study the budgets and administrative structures of local governments. In Illinois, governor [[Frank Lowden]] undertook a major reorganization of state government. In Wisconsin, the stronghold of [[Robert LaFollette]], the [[Wisconsin Idea]], inspired by Charles McCarthy, used the state university as the source of ideas and expertise.
===Antitrust===
===Antitrust===