Changes

| name        = Walter Lippmann

| name        = Walter Lippmann

| image      = Walter Lippmann.jpg

| image      = Walter Lippmann.jpg

| birth_date  = 1889

| birth_date  = September 23, 1889

| birth_place =  

| birth_place = New York City

| death_date  =  

| death_date  = December 14, 1974

| death_place =  

| death_place = New York City

| nationality = American

| nationality = American

| religion    =  

| religion    =  

}}

}}

'''Walter Lippmann'''<ref> His name is often misspelled with only one 'N'--as for example the ''Time'' cover shown here.</ref>  (1889 - 1974), was an influential<ref>Lippmann is widely regarded as “the most influential journalist in American history.” Jacqueline Foertsch, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mao9DJoAlhAC American Culture in the 1940s]'' (Edinburgh University Press, 2008) ISBN 0748624139, p. 56</ref> American journalist and commentator.  

'''Walter Lippmann'''<ref> His name is often misspelled with only one 'N'--as for example the ''Time'' cover shown here.</ref>  (September 23, 1889 – December 14, 1974), was an influential<ref>Lippmann is widely regarded as “the most influential journalist in American history.” Jacqueline Foertsch, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mao9DJoAlhAC American Culture in the 1940s]'' (Edinburgh University Press, 2008) ISBN 0748624139, p. 56</ref> American journalist and commentator.  

Lippmann was a prominent [[socialist]] from his youth, becoming president of the [[Harvard University|Harvard]] Socialist Club and a member of the Executive Committee of the [[Intercollegiate Socialist Society]]. He graduated from Harvard in 1910, but took his socialism with him into his journalism, joining the Socialist Party and the Socialist Press Club.<ref>"Joined the Harvard Socialist Club and later became president... Elected to Executive Committee, [http://books.google.com/books?id=2v9aAAAAMAAJ Intercollegiate Socialist Society]... Joined [http://microformguides.gale.com/Data/Download/9034000C.rtf the Socialist Party], New York County, and the Socialist Press Club of New York City." (2003) Twentieth-Century American Politics and Diplomacy, [http://microformguides.gale.com/Data/Download/9034000C.rtf Series 1, The Walter Lippmann Papers, Part 4: Early Papers, 1904-1920] (Manuscript and Archives Division, Sterling Memorial Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut), pp. 8-9</ref> More than 20 years later, with the election of President [[Franklin Roosevelt]], Lippmann apparently lost faith in the [[Constitution]], telling FDR, "The situation is critical, Franklin. You may have no alternative but to assume dictatorial powers";<ref>Thomas Griffith, “[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,924464,00.html NEWSWATCH: Comrade of the Powerful],” ''Time'', September 15, 1980</ref> in his column, Lippmann added that the use of "'dictatorial powers,' if that is the name for it&mdash;is essential."<ref>Russell Baker, “[http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22273 A Revolutionary President], ''The New York Review of Books'', Vol. 56, No. 2 (February 12, 2009)</ref>

Lippmann was a prominent [[socialist]] from his youth, becoming president of the [[Harvard University|Harvard]] Socialist Club and a member of the Executive Committee of the [[Intercollegiate Socialist Society]]. He graduated from Harvard in 1910, but took his socialism with him into his journalism, joining the Socialist Party and the Socialist Press Club.<ref>"Joined the Harvard Socialist Club and later became president... Elected to Executive Committee, [http://books.google.com/books?id=2v9aAAAAMAAJ Intercollegiate Socialist Society]... Joined [http://microformguides.gale.com/Data/Download/9034000C.rtf the Socialist Party], New York County, and the Socialist Press Club of New York City." (2003) Twentieth-Century American Politics and Diplomacy, [http://microformguides.gale.com/Data/Download/9034000C.rtf Series 1, The Walter Lippmann Papers, Part 4: Early Papers, 1904-1920] (Manuscript and Archives Division, Sterling Memorial Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut), pp. 8-9</ref> More than 20 years later, with the election of President [[Franklin Roosevelt]], Lippmann apparently lost faith in the [[Constitution]], telling FDR, "The situation is critical, Franklin. You may have no alternative but to assume dictatorial powers";<ref>Thomas Griffith, “[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,924464,00.html NEWSWATCH: Comrade of the Powerful],” ''Time'', September 15, 1980</ref> in his column, Lippmann added that the use of "'dictatorial powers,' if that is the name for it&mdash;is essential."<ref>Russell Baker, “[http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22273 A Revolutionary President], ''The New York Review of Books'', Vol. 56, No. 2 (February 12, 2009)</ref>

He has also been highly praised with titles ranging anywhere from "most influential" journalist<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blumenthal|first1=Sydney |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/article/walter_lippmann_and_american_journalism_today |title=Walter Lippmann and American journalism today |date=31 October 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1998-02-22/business/9802220064_1_peter-drucker-jack-beatty-books |title=Drucker Gives Lippmann Run As Most Influential Journalist |work=Chicago Tribune |date=1998 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/34278/harry-c-mcpherson-jr/walter-lippmann-and-the-american-century |title=Walter Lippmann and the American Century |date=1980 }}</ref> of the 20th century, to Father of Modern Journalism.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pariser|first1=Eli|title=The Filter Bubble: How the New Personalized Web Is Changing What We Read and How We Think|date=2011|publisher=Penguin|location=New York|isbn=0143121235}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Snow|first1=Nancy|title=Information War: American Propaganda, Free Speech and Opinion Control Since 9/11|date=2003|publisher=Seven Stories|location=Canada|isbn=1583225579|pages=30–31}}</ref>  James W. Carey, an influential teacher of journalists<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.mit.edu/comm-forum/forums/carey_memoriam2.htm |title=In Memoriam, James W. Carey |date=2006 }}</ref>, considered Walter Lippmann's book ''Public Opinion'' as "the founding book of modern journalism" and also "the founding book in American media studies".<ref>{{cite journal |last=Schudson |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Schudson |date=2008 |title=The "Lippmann-Dewey Debate" and the Invention of Walter Lippmann as an Anti-Democrat 1985-1996 |journal=International Journal of Communication |volume=2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Carey |first=James W. |authorlink=James W. Carey |date=March 1987 |title=The Press and the Public Discourse |journal=The Center Magazine |volume=20 }}</ref>

He has also been highly praised with titles ranging anywhere from "most influential" journalist<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blumenthal|first1=Sydney |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/article/walter_lippmann_and_american_journalism_today |title=Walter Lippmann and American journalism today |date=31 October 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1998-02-22/business/9802220064_1_peter-drucker-jack-beatty-books |title=Drucker Gives Lippmann Run As Most Influential Journalist |work=Chicago Tribune |date=1998 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/34278/harry-c-mcpherson-jr/walter-lippmann-and-the-american-century |title=Walter Lippmann and the American Century |date=1980 }}</ref> of the 20th century, to Father of Modern Journalism.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pariser|first1=Eli|title=The Filter Bubble: How the New Personalized Web Is Changing What We Read and How We Think|date=2011|publisher=Penguin|location=New York|isbn=0143121235}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Snow|first1=Nancy|title=Information War: American Propaganda, Free Speech and Opinion Control Since 9/11|date=2003|publisher=Seven Stories|location=Canada|isbn=1583225579|pages=30–31}}</ref>  James W. Carey, an influential teacher of journalists<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.mit.edu/comm-forum/forums/carey_memoriam2.htm |title=In Memoriam, James W. Carey |date=2006 }}</ref>, considered Walter Lippmann's book ''Public Opinion'' as "the founding book of modern journalism" and also "the founding book in American media studies".<ref>{{cite journal |last=Schudson |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Schudson |date=2008 |title=The "Lippmann-Dewey Debate" and the Invention of Walter Lippmann as an Anti-Democrat 1985-1996 |journal=International Journal of Communication |volume=2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Carey |first=James W. |authorlink=James W. Carey |date=March 1987 |title=The Press and the Public Discourse |journal=The Center Magazine |volume=20 }}</ref>

==Career==

==Career==

==Conservatism==

==Conservatism==

Starting as a Socialist, Lippmann moved right through most of his life, becoming a conservative in the 1930s and an advocate of [[Natural Law]]<ref> ''Religion, Politics, and the Higher Learning'', Morton White, [[Harvard University]] Press, 1959 p.112</ref>.

Starting as a Socialist, Lippmann moved right through most of his life, becoming a conservative in the 1930s and an advocate of [[Natural Law]]<ref> ''Religion, Politics, and the Higher Learning'', Morton White, [[Harvard University]] Press, 1959 p.112</ref>.

==Works==

==Works==