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Command Prompt (view source)

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'''Command Prompt''' is the name for the [[Windows]] program which allows the user to access the [[computer shell]], that is, a text-based (command-line) control system.
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[[File:CMD-on-Win7.jpg|350px|thumbnail|Command Prompt in [[Windows 7]]]]
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'''Command Prompt''' is the name for the program provided with the [[Windows]] [[operating system]] which allows the user to access the [[computer shell]], that is, a text-based (command-line) control system.
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==Some Commands==
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One can open the Command Prompt window by clicking the Start button, clicking All Programs, clicking Accessories, and then clicking Command Prompt.<ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/Open-a-Command-Prompt-window</ref>  Alternatively, "cmd.exe" can be entered into the Run/Search box to start it immediately.
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These commands are applicable in [[Windows 7]] [[operating system]]s and later.
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<nowiki>
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==About Commands==
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ASSOC          Displays or modifies file extension associations.
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These commands are generally applicable in [[Windows 7]] [[operating system]]s and later
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ATTRIB         Displays or changes file attributes.
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BREAK         Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking.
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{| class="wikitable"
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BCDEDIT       Sets properties in boot database to control boot loading.
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|-
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CACLS         Displays or modifies access control lists (ACLs) of files.
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! Command !! Function !! Notes
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CALL           Calls one batch program from another.
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|-
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CD             Displays the name of or changes the current directory.
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| ASSOC||         Displays or modifies file extension associations.||
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CHCP           Displays or sets the active code page number.
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|-
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CHDIR         Displays the name of or changes the current directory.
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| ATTRIB||        Displays or changes file attributes.||style="width:200px" |
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CHKDSK         Checks a disk and displays a status report.
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|-
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CHKNTFS       Displays or modifies the checking of disk at boot time.
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| BREAK||          Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking.||
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CLS           Clears the screen.
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|-
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CMD           Starts a new instance of the Windows command interpreter.
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| BCDEDIT||        Sets properties in boot database to control boot loading.|| Edit the computer's bootloader
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COLOR         Sets the default console foreground and background colors.
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|-
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COMP           Compares the contents of two files or sets of files.
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| CACLS||          Displays or modifies access control lists (ACLs) of files.||
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COMPACT       Displays or alters the compression of files on NTFS partitions.
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|-
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CONVERT       Converts FAT volumes to NTFS.  You cannot convert the
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| CALL||            Calls one batch program from another.|| Similar to "Start," except the called file is run in the same window
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              current drive.
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|-
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COPY           Copies one or more files to another location.
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| CD||              Displays the name of or changes the current directory.||
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DATE           Displays or sets the date.
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|-
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DEL           Deletes one or more files.
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| CHCP||            Displays or sets the active code page number.||
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DIR           Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.
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|-
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DISKCOMP       Compares the contents of two floppy disks.
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| CHDIR||          Displays the name of or changes the current directory.||
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DISKCOPY       Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another.
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|-
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DISKPART       Displays or configures Disk Partition properties.
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| CHKDSK||          Checks a disk and displays a status report.||Sometimes used instead of the [[Graphic User Interface|GUI]] check-disk option since it provides information about problems found, and which ones where fixed (if /R is used)
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DOSKEY         Edits command lines, recalls Windows commands, and  
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|-
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              creates macros.
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| CHKNTFS||        Displays or modifies the checking of disk at boot time.||
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DRIVERQUERY   Displays current device driver status and properties.
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|-
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ECHO           Displays messages, or turns command echoing on or off.
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| CLS||            Clears the screen.||
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ENDLOCAL       Ends localization of environment changes in a batch file.
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|-
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ERASE         Deletes one or more files.
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| CMD||            Starts a new instance of the Windows command interpreter.||
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EXIT           Quits the CMD.EXE program (command interpreter).
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|-
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FC             Compares two files or sets of files, and displays the  
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| COLOR||          Sets the default console foreground and background colors.||
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              differences between them.
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|-
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FIND           Searches for a text string in a file or files.
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| COMP||            Compares the contents of two files or sets of files.||
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FINDSTR       Searches for strings in files.
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|-
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FOR           Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files.
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| COMPACT||        Displays or alters the compression of files on NTFS partitions.||
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FORMAT         Formats a disk for use with Windows.
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|-
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FSUTIL         Displays or configures the file system properties.
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| CONVERT||        Converts FAT volumes to NTFS.  You cannot convert the current drive.||
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FTYPE         Displays or modifies file types used in file extension  
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|-
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              associations.
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| COPY||            Copies one or more files to another location.||For more options, see XCOPY
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GOTO           Directs the Windows command interpreter to a labeled line in  
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|-
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              a batch program.
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| DATE||            Displays or sets the date.||
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GPRESULT       Displays Group Policy information for machine or user.
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|-
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GRAFTABL       Enables Windows to display an extended character set in  
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| DEL||            Deletes one or more files.||Same as the ERASE command
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              graphics mode.
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|-
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HELP           Provides Help information for Windows commands.
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| DIR||            Displays a list of files and sub-directories in a directory.||For a more organized layout, use TREE
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ICACLS         Display, modify, backup, or restore ACLs for files and  
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|-
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              directories.
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| DISKCOMP||        Compares the contents of two floppy disks.||
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IF             Performs conditional processing in batch programs.
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|-
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LABEL         Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk.
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| DISKCOPY||        Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another.||
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MD             Creates a directory.
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|-
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MKDIR         Creates a directory.
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| DISKPART||        Displays or configures Disk Partition properties.||
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MKLINK         Creates Symbolic Links and Hard Links
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|-
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MODE           Configures a system device.
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| DOSKEY||          Edits command lines, recalls Windows commands, and creates macros.||
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MORE           Displays output one screen at a time.
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|-
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MOVE           Moves one or more files from one directory to another  
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| DRIVERQUERY||    Displays current device driver status and properties.||
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              directory.
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|-
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OPENFILES     Displays files opened by remote users for a file share.
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| ECHO||            Displays messages, or turns command echoing on or off.||
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PATH           Displays or sets a search path for executable files.
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|-
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PAUSE         Suspends processing of a batch file and displays a message.
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| ENDLOCAL||        Ends localization of environment changes in a batch file.||
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POPD           Restores the previous value of the current directory saved by  
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|-
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              PUSHD.
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| ERASE||          Deletes one or more files.||Same as the DEL command
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PRINT         Prints a text file.
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|-
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PROMPT         Changes the Windows command prompt.
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| EXIT||            Quits the CMD.EXE program (command interpreter).||
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PUSHD         Saves the current directory then changes it.
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|-
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RD             Removes a directory.
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| FC||              Compares two files or sets of files, and displays the differences between them.||
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RECOVER       Recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk.
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|-
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REM           Records comments (remarks) in batch files or CONFIG.SYS.
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| FIND||            Searches for a text string in a file or files.||For more options, try FINDSTR (below)
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REN           Renames a file or files.
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|-
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RENAME         Renames a file or files.
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| FINDSTR||        Searches for strings in files.||Useful for retrieving information saved to a file and setting it to a variable.  Unlike PRINT, the retrieved data is readily usable
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REPLACE       Replaces files.
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|-
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RMDIR         Removes a directory.
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| FOR||            Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files.||
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ROBOCOPY       Advanced utility to copy files and directory trees
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|-
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SET           Displays, sets, or removes Windows environment variables.
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| FORMAT||          Formats a disk for use with Windows.||
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SETLOCAL       Begins localization of environment changes in a batch file.
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|-
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SC             Displays or configures services (background processes).
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| FSUTIL||          Displays or configures the file system properties.||
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SCHTASKS       Schedules commands and programs to run on a computer.
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|-
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SHIFT         Shifts the position of replaceable parameters in batch files.
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| FTYPE||          Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations.||
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SHUTDOWN       Allows proper local or remote shutdown of machine.
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|-
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SORT           Sorts input.
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| GOTO||            Directs the Windows command interpreter to a labeled line in a batch program.||
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START         Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command.
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|-
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SUBST         Associates a path with a drive letter.
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| GPRESULT||        Displays Group Policy information for machine or user.||
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SYSTEMINFO     Displays machine specific properties and configuration.
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|-
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TASKLIST       Displays all currently running tasks including services.
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| GRAFTABL||        Enables Windows to display an extended character set in graphics mode.||
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TASKKILL       Kill or stop a running process or application.
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|-
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TIME           Displays or sets the system time.
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| HELP||            Provides Help information for Windows commands.||This is where most or all of this list came from
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TITLE         Sets the window title for a CMD.EXE session.
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|-
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TREE           Graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or  
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| ICACLS||          Display, modify, backup, or restore ACLs for files and directories.||
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              path.
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|-
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TYPE           Displays the contents of a text file.
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| IF||              Performs conditional processing in batch programs.||
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VER           Displays the Windows version.
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|-
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VERIFY         Tells Windows whether to verify that your files are written
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| LABEL||          Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk.||
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              correctly to a disk.
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|-
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VOL           Displays a disk volume label and serial number.
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| MD||              Creates a directory.||Same as MKDIR
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XCOPY         Copies files and directory trees.
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|-
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WMIC           Displays WMI information inside interactive command shell.
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| MKDIR||          Creates a directory.||Same as MD
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<\nowiki>
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|-
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''These commands can ''
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| MKLINK||          Creates Symbolic Links and Hard Links||
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|-
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| MODE||            Configures a system device.||
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|-
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| MORE||            Displays output one screen at a time.||Auto-applies the PAUSE command when the screen fills
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|-
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| MOVE||            Moves one or more files from one directory to another directory.||XCOPY offers more options
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|-
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| OPENFILES||      Displays files opened by remote users for a file share.||
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|-
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| PATH||            Displays or sets a search path for executable files.||
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|-
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| PAUSE||          Suspends processing of a batch file and displays a message.||
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|-
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| POPD||            Restores the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD.||
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|-
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| PRINT||          Prints a text file (to screen).||Retrieved data must be piped to be used as a variable.  If anything other than simple output is required, see FINDSTR
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|-
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| PROMPT||          Changes the Windows command prompt.||
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|-
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| PUSHD||          Saves the current directory then changes it.||Change the working directory||
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|-
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| RD||              Removes a directory.||Use the "/s" switch if it has sub-directories, or this will fail.  Same function as RMDIR
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|-
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| RECOVER||        Recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk.||
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|-
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| REM||            Records comments (remarks) in batch files or CONFIG.SYS.||
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|-
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| REN||            Renames a file or files.||Same as RENAME (below)
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|-
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| RENAME||          Renames a file or files.||Same as REN (above)
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|-
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| REPLACE||        Replaces files.||
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|-
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| RMDIR||          Removes a directory.||Use the "/s" switch if it has sub-directories, or this will fail.  Same function as RD
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|-
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| ROBOCOPY||        Advanced utility to copy files and directory trees||
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|-
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| SET||            Displays, sets, or removes Windows environment variables.||
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|-
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| SETX||            Set environment variables||Somewhat similar to SET
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|-
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| SETLOCAL||        Begins localization of environment changes in a batch file.||
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|-
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| SC||              Displays or configures services (background processes).||
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|-
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| SCHTASKS||        Schedules commands and programs to run on a computer.||
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|-
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| SHIFT||          Shifts the position of replaceable parameters in batch files.||
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|-
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| SHUTDOWN||        Allows proper local or remote shutdown, restart, or logoff||
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|-
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| SORT||            Sorts input.||
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|-
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| START||          Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command.||
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|-
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| SUBST||          Associates a path with a drive letter                           .||
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|-
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| SYSTEMINFO||      Displays machine specific properties and configuration.||
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|-
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| TASKLIST||        Displays all currently running tasks including services.||
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|-
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| TASKKILL||        Kill or stop a running process or application.||Use TASKLIST if you need to check the exact name.  Always include the program file extension, like ".exe"
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|-
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| TIME||            Displays or sets the system time.||In older [[Windows]] versions, the /d switch would show the date
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|-
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| TIMEOUT||        Waits a set amount of time before continuing||By default, a key may be pressed to skip the delay.  However, the /NOBREAK switch may be used to force the delay without a skip option.  Also, using -t -1 is the same as PAUSE
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|-
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| TITLE||          Sets the window title for a CMD.EXE session.||
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|-
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| TREE||            Graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or path.||Similar in function to DIR
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|-
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| TYPE||            Displays the contents of a text file.||
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|-
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| VER||            Displays the Windows version.|| This information is also shown when Command Prompt is opened.
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|-
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| VERIFY||          Tells Windows whether to verify that your files are written correctly to a disk.|| On most computers, the default is ''off''
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|-
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| VOL||            Displays a disk volume label and serial number.||
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|-
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| XCOPY||          Copies files and directory trees.||Can be used for move or copy, and offers a lot of options.
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|-
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| WMIC||            Displays WMI information inside interactive command shell.||
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|}<ref>[[Windows 7]] Command Prompt - "help" command</ref>
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''Most of these and/or other commands specific to your system can be viewed by entering the word "help" into the command-line''
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For almost any command, one may enter and forward slash followed by a question mark (/?) after a base command to see additional information, generally including a description, syntax, and switches (with a description of each)
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==Variables==
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Variables are locations where data may be temporally stored on the [[Random-access memory|RAM]] for use within a program or in this case, batch file or CMD session.  When variable are set in CMD, the name is listed by it self (like <code>set variable=10</code>)  When referenced, however, percent signs are placed on each side (like <code>echo The value is %variable%</code>)
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==References==
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{{reflist}}
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==See also==
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[[Conhost.exe]]
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==External links==
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* [http://ss64.com/nt More complete command list on ss64.com]
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[[Category:Command-Line]]
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[[Category:Software]]
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