''See also:'' [[Famous atheists]] and [[Famous agnostics]]
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Prominent holders of the position of atheism and atheist schools of thought have been or include:
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''See:'' [[Famous atheists]] and [[Famous agnostics]]
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* Carvaka school: an atheistic and materialistic offshoot of [[Hinduism]] in the 6th century B.C.
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* Samkhya school: an atheistic school of classical Indian philosophy, originating in the 6th century B.C.
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* [[Diagoras]]: [[Greek Philosophy|Greek philosopher]] who denied the existence of the Greek pantheon
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* [[Lucretius]]: [[Greeks| Greek]] philosopher espousing materialism, and stated that man should not believe in the gods because their ideas about the gods and their fear of death made men unhappy
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* [[Friedrich Nietzsche]]: Prominent 19th century atheist philosopher
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* [[Benito Mussolini]]
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* [[Paul Kurtz]]: founder of the Council of [[Secular Humanism]]
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* [[Ayn Rand]]
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* [[Isaac Asimov]]
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* [[Douglas Adams]]
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* [[Marquis de Sade]]<ref>Wallace, Irving et al. (betw. 1975-1981). [http://www.trivia-library.com/a/biography-of-famous-atheist-marquis-de-sade.htm "Marquis de Sade (1740-1814)"]. Trivia-Library.com..</ref>
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* [[Mark Rothko]] (1903–1970) [[painter]], classified as an [[Abstract Expressionism|abstract expressionist]].