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Line 5: + − '''Samuel Chase''' (1741–1811) served as an Associate Justice of the [[United States Supreme Court]] during the [[Marshall Court]]. He was also a signer of the [[Declaration of Independence]] on behalf of [[Maryland]]. He was a leading [[Anti-Federalist]], opposing ratification of the new Constitution in 1788 because he feared the "aristocratic danger" of the new system. A leader in Maryland politics, he joined the [[Federalist Party]] and supported President [[George Washington]] against [[Thomas Jefferson]]. Washington appointed him to the Supreme Court, where he served until his death. Jefferson tried and failed to remove him by impeachment in 1805, which backfired and weakened Jefferson while enhancing the reputation of the Supreme Court. Line 22:
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'''Samuel Chase''' (1741–1811) served as an Associate Justice of the [[United States Supreme Court]] during the [[Marshall Court]]. He was also a signer of the [[Declaration of Independence]] on behalf of [[Maryland]]. He was a leading [[Anti-Federalist]], opposing ratification of the new Constitution in 1788 because he feared the "aristocratic danger" of the new system. A leader in Maryland politics, he joined the [[Federalist Party]] and supported President [[George Washington]] against [[Thomas Jefferson]]. Washington appointed him to the Supreme Court, where he served until his death. Jefferson tried and failed to remove him by impeachment in 1805, which backfired and weakened Jefferson while enhancing the reputation of the Supreme Court.
==Maryland politics==
==Maryland politics==
During December 1772-April 1773, an acrimonious battle of words enlivened the pages of the ''Maryland Gazette'' when the Whiggish country-party lawyers William Paca and Samuel Chase - Maryland's equivalent of two [[Sam Adams|Sam Adamses]] - exchanged a series of letters with rector Jonathan Boucher over the issues of the 40-pound tobacco poll tax for support of the clergy, and the movement for an American bishop symbolized by Boucher. Paca and Chase's position that the 1702 Act of Establishment creating the poll tax was invalid led Boucher to challenge their right as vestrymen of St. Anne's parish to levy taxation for church repairs, since vestrymen also were created by that very law. Instead the lawyers insisted that common law was their justification for representing their parishioners, and turned the argument into a scathing attack on churchmen, bishops, and the proprietary establishment in general. The entire imbroglio weakened the position of Maryland clerics as tensions with Britain increased after 1773, and enhanced the political prestige of Paca and Chase in the new politics of confrontation.<ref> Anne Y. Zimmer, "The 'Paper War' in Maryland, 1772-73: The Paca-Chase Political Philosophy Tested." ''Maryland Historical Magazine'' 1976 71(2): 177-193. 0025-4258 </ref>
During December 1772-April 1773, an acrimonious battle of words enlivened the pages of the ''Maryland Gazette'' when the Whiggish country-party lawyers William Paca and Samuel Chase - Maryland's equivalent of two [[Sam Adams|Sam Adamses]] - exchanged a series of letters with rector Jonathan Boucher over the issues of the 40-pound tobacco poll tax for support of the clergy, and the movement for an American bishop symbolized by Boucher. Paca and Chase's position that the 1702 Act of Establishment creating the poll tax was invalid led Boucher to challenge their right as vestrymen of St. Anne's parish to levy taxation for church repairs, since vestrymen also were created by that very law. Instead the lawyers insisted that common law was their justification for representing their parishioners, and turned the argument into a scathing attack on churchmen, bishops, and the proprietary establishment in general. The entire imbroglio weakened the position of Maryland clerics as tensions with Britain increased after 1773, and enhanced the political prestige of Paca and Chase in the new politics of confrontation.<ref> Anne Y. Zimmer, "The 'Paper War' in Maryland, 1772-73: The Paca-Chase Political Philosophy Tested." ''Maryland Historical Magazine'' 1976 71(2): 177-193. 0025-4258 </ref>
* Presser, Stephen B. ''The Original Misunderstanding: The English, the Americans, and the Dialectic of Federal Jurisprudence'' (1991)
* Presser, Stephen B. ''The Original Misunderstanding: The English, the Americans, and the Dialectic of Federal Jurisprudence'' (1991)
* Rehnquist, William H. ''Grand Inquests: The Historic Impeachments of Justice Samuel Chase and President Andrew Johnson.'' 1992. 303 pp. by a leading conservative Chief Justice
* Rehnquist, William H. ''Grand Inquests: The Historic Impeachments of Justice Samuel Chase and President Andrew Johnson.'' 1992. 303 pp. by a leading conservative Chief Justice
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