Changes

'''Tails''' [[operating system]] ('''TAILS OS''') is short for '''The Amnestic Incognito Live System.''' It is actually a host of [[computer]] OS tools-utilities to help the user remain anonymous.  It runs on [[Linux]], it is a [[Fork (software) |fork]] of [[Debian]] and uses the [[GNOME]] [[GUI]] which is familiar to many.  It has a [[free software]] version of [[Microsoft Office]] called [[Open Office]].  It is based on [[Tor]],  but Tails also mates Tor with a read only [[DVD]] called a “live CD” or [[USB]] that boots and runs the system under a special secure and anonymous version of [[Debian]] [[Linux]] operating system called Amnestic.

'''Tails''' [[operating system]] ('''TAILS OS''') is short for '''The Amnestic Incognito Live System.''' It is actually a host of [[computer]] OS tools-utilities to help the user remain anonymous.  It runs on [[Linux]], it is a [[Fork (software) |fork]] of [[Debian]] and uses the [[GNOME]] [[GUI]] which is familiar to many.  It has a [[free software]] version of [[Microsoft Office]] called [[Open Office]].  It is based on [[Tor]],  but Tails also mates Tor with a read only [[DVD]] called a “live CD” or [[USB]] that boots and runs the system under a special secure and anonymous version of [[Debian]] [[Linux]] operating system called Amnestic.

Tails is basically a “throw away” operating system. One of the things that has been exposed, time and time again is that “…adversaries with global reach…” [[surveillance|track computer use]] in a myriad of ways.  With most operating systems, entities can put tracking [[cookies]] or markers on a computer, loaded from [[website]]s as the user visits them. These then “report back” everywhere the user go on the [[Internet]].  This is one way Tor can be circumvented.  If your computer is already compromised (we call it “owned”) then nothing else you do can keep you secure.  Once the entity has a tracking cookie or [[trojan horse|hackware]] on a computer, the entity can then build a very expansive history of the user's Internet activities.  Tails goes a long way to preventing that.  The traditional counter-measure is disabling cookies, but that will not work against any decent [[hacker]], since half the time hackers don’t use cookies.  While [[VPN]] (Virtual Private Network) connections prevent interception of data during the transfer on the Internet, VPNs are only useful in protecting [[anonymity]] if the VPN operator is not hacked and is willing to resist government subpeonas.  They often are not.<ref>https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/39788/how-can-you-be-caught-using-private-vpn-when-theres-no-logs-about-who-you-are Accessed December 6, 2014</ref> For example, one hacker named Cody Krestsinger known online as Recursion was tracked down and jailed through the [[United Kingdom]] based HideMyAss VPN service because Krestsinger reportedly defaced an [[FBI]] website.   

Tails is basically a “throw away” operating system. One of the things that has been exposed, time and time again is that “…adversaries with global reach…” [[surveillance|track computer use]] in a myriad of ways.  With most operating systems, entities can put tracking [[cookies]] or markers on a computer, loaded from [[website]]s as the user visits them. These then “report back” everywhere the user go on the [[Internet]].  This is one way Tor can be circumvented.  If your computer is already compromised (we call it “owned”) then nothing else you do can keep you secure.  Once the entity has a tracking cookie, [[spyware]], or [[trojan horse|"hackware"]] on a computer, the entity can then build a very expansive history of the user's Internet activities.  Tails goes a long way to preventing that.  The traditional counter-measure is disabling cookies, but that will not work against any decent [[hacker]], since half the time hackers don’t use cookies.  While [[Virtual Private Network|VPN]] (Virtual Private Network) connections prevent interception of data during the transfer on the Internet, VPNs are only useful in protecting [[anonymity]] if the VPN operator is not hacked and is willing to resist government subpeonas.  They often are not.<ref>https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/39788/how-can-you-be-caught-using-private-vpn-when-theres-no-logs-about-who-you-are Accessed December 6, 2014</ref> For example, one hacker named Cody Krestsinger known online as Recursion was tracked down and jailed through the [[United Kingdom]] based HideMyAss VPN service because Krestsinger reportedly defaced an [[FBI]] website.   

Tails is a “[[read only]]” operating system (OS) that works from a DVD (or another external medium, such as a USB Drive), which is very important.  Tails is booted from a read-only DVD (throw away media) and only operates in RAM. It does not interact with the computer's [[hard drive]]--it is intentionally prevented from doing so.  Thus, when the machine is turned off, all of the user's activities disappears.  The user must power down, and hopefully keep the computer out of anyone’s hands for at least 2 minutes (120 seconds).  There is a tactic available in which “adversaries” attempt to capture a computer quickly and then deep freeze the memory to try to later at the lab pull data (history, passwords other connections) from the [[Random-access memory|RAM]] memory of the computer.  They call it a “Cold Boot Attack.”<ref>https://tails.boum.org/doc/advanced_topics/cold_boot_attacks/index.en.html Accessed December 6, 2014</ref> This is why they will sometimes “rush in” to seize computer equipment.  For this reason, Tails tries to protect the user, but they must shut it down, and hopefully keep it out of their hands for 120 seconds while the RAM resets.  The Tails Operating System does nearly every thing that is possible to remove any history of ones activities.  It actively wipes RAM, and permanently stores nothing.

Tails is a “[[read only]]” operating system (OS) that works from a DVD (or another external medium, such as a USB Drive), which is very important.  Tails is booted from a read-only DVD (throw away media) and only operates in RAM. It does not interact with the computer's [[hard drive]]--it is intentionally prevented from doing so.  Thus, when the machine is turned off, all of the user's activities disappears.  The user must power down, and hopefully keep the computer out of anyone’s hands for at least 2 minutes (120 seconds).  There is a tactic available in which “adversaries” attempt to capture a computer quickly and then deep freeze the memory to try to later at the lab pull data (history, passwords other connections) from the [[Random-access memory|RAM]] memory of the computer.  They call it a “Cold Boot Attack.”<ref>https://tails.boum.org/doc/advanced_topics/cold_boot_attacks/index.en.html Accessed December 6, 2014</ref> This is why they will sometimes “rush in” to seize computer equipment.  For this reason, Tails tries to protect the user, but they must shut it down, and hopefully keep it out of their hands for 120 seconds while the RAM resets.  The Tails Operating System does nearly every thing that is possible to remove any history of ones activities.  It actively wipes RAM, and permanently stores nothing.