Changes

==Entymology==

==Entymology==

Penguins were discovered with the great explorations of the 16th century, as European sailors pushed southward into the [[Atlantic Ocean]].  The first species of penguin they may have encountered was the gentoo penguin (''Pygoscelis papua''), which inhabits Patagonia, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia.  The similarity in shape, habits, and coloration to a bird they had already known as the penguin - the extinct [[great auk]] (''Pinguinus impennis'') - was striking, hence the transfer of the name.  The word is possibly based upon the Welsh ''pen gwyn''<ref>http://www.english-for-students.com/Penguin.html#chitika_close_button</ref>, referring to the white eye patch on the head of the auk; or upon ''pin-wing'', in reference to both bird's rudimentary wings.

Penguins were discovered with the great explorations of the 16th century, as European sailors pushed southward into the [[Atlantic Ocean]].  The first species of penguin they may have encountered was the gentoo penguin (''Pygoscelis papua''), which inhabits Patagonia, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia.  The similarity in shape, habits, and coloration to a bird they had already known as the penguin - the extinct [[great auk]] (''Pinguinus impennis'') - was striking, hence the transfer of the name.  The word is possibly based upon the Welsh ''pen gwyn'',<ref>http://www.english-for-students.com/Penguin.html#chitika_close_button</ref> referring to the white eye patch on the head of the auk; or upon ''pin-wing'', in reference to both bird's rudimentary wings.

==Description==

==Description==

The body is streamlined and tapered at both ends, with the feet acting as rudders.  The wings are nearly-fused at the wrists and elbows, and the bones flattened, giving the wings a paddle-like shape.  Despite being flightless, penguins still have a well-defined keel sternum and powerful wing muscles, enabling the birds to move about in the water effortlessly, cruising at ten knots, yet capable of bursts in excess of twenty knots.

The body is streamlined and tapered at both ends, with the feet acting as rudders.  The wings are nearly-fused at the wrists and elbows, and the bones flattened, giving the wings a paddle-like shape.  Despite being flightless, penguins still have a well-defined keel sternum and powerful wing muscles, enabling the birds to move about in the water effortlessly, cruising at ten knots, yet capable of bursts in excess of twenty knots.

Coloration is similar to not just the great auk, but to [[orcas]] and several species of [[shark]], in that they are countershaded (dark above, white below); the pattern is a type of camouflage, making them disappear in the dark depths of the sea when viewed from above, or blend in with the light patterns of the surface when viewed from below<ref>http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/info-books/penguin/physical-characteristics.htm</ref>.

Coloration is similar to not just the great auk, but to [[orcas]] and several species of [[shark]], in that they are countershaded (dark above, white below); the pattern is a type of camouflage, making them disappear in the dark depths of the sea when viewed from above, or blend in with the light patterns of the surface when viewed from below.<ref>http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/info-books/penguin/physical-characteristics.htm</ref>