Changes

His next assignments included service to [[Theodore Roosevelt]] as an aide, and engineering assignment in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and then transfer to the War Department where he worked for Chief of Staff General Leonard Wood, who was himself once a protégé to his father.  The working relationship was good, and Douglas was promoted to major in 1915.  He became the Army's first public relations officer the following year, being credited with selling the Selective Service Act of 1917 to the American people, just as the country moved closer to involvement in the war in Europe.  Hugh L. Scott, the Army's Chief of Staff at the time, would note MacArthur's zeal at doing his job. "Major MacArthur is a...high-minded, conscientious and unusually efficient officer, well fitted for positions requiring diplomacy and high-grade intelligence" (Manchester, pg. 89).

His next assignments included service to [[Theodore Roosevelt]] as an aide, and engineering assignment in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and then transfer to the War Department where he worked for Chief of Staff General Leonard Wood, who was himself once a protégé to his father.  The working relationship was good, and Douglas was promoted to major in 1915.  He became the Army's first public relations officer the following year, being credited with selling the Selective Service Act of 1917 to the American people, just as the country moved closer to involvement in the war in Europe.  Hugh L. Scott, the Army's Chief of Staff at the time, would note MacArthur's zeal at doing his job. "Major MacArthur is a...high-minded, conscientious and unusually efficient officer, well fitted for positions requiring diplomacy and high-grade intelligence" (Manchester, pg. 89).

It was the [[World War I|First World War]] which gave Douglas MacArthur a taste of fame that he could add to his already excellent record.  Promoted to colonel, he took individual National Guard units and created the Rainbow Division out of them, taking it through [[France]] and into the thickest of fighting, and combining a romantic flamboyance with bravery. But when it was threatened that his division would be split up and spread out to augment other divisions, MacArthur cabled members of Congress to prevent it, unfortunately creating resentment within General [[John J. Pershing]]'s staff at circumventing the chain of command.  Nevertheless, MacArthur became the most decorated American soldier of the war, receiving the Distinguished Service Medal by Pershing, who remarked that he didn't like MacArthur's attitude regarding the chain of command while pinning the medal on his chest (Manchester, pp. 97-105).  

It was the [[World War I|First World War]] which gave Douglas MacArthur a taste of fame that he could add to his already excellent record.  Promoted to colonel, he took individual National Guard units and created the Rainbow Division out of them, taking it through [[France]] and into the thickest of fighting, and combining a romantic flamboyance with bravery. But when it was threatened that his division would be split up and spread out to augment other divisions, MacArthur cabled members of Congress to prevent it, unfortunately creating resentment within General [[John J. Pershing]]'s staff at circumventing the chain of command.  Nevertheless, MacArthur became the most decorated American soldier of the war, receiving the Distinguished Service Medal by Pershing, who remarked that he didn't like MacArthur's attitude regarding the chain of command while pinning the medal on his chest (Manchester, pp. 97–105).  

MacArthur was next assigned to the post of Superintendent of West Point, where he dragged the moribund Academy into the 20th century; he had just come out of a very savage, yet very modern war, and he wanted West Point to produce officers capable of leading men into such a war. And he also got married, to Louise Cromwell Brooks, a flapper and heiress. But his West Point job was ended soon after, when Chief of Staff Pershing - who, during the war had an affair with Louise - ordered MacArthur to the Philippines. Although disappointed at the orders, yet glad to be back in his beloved islands, Louise was not happy, as she was used to the glamour and sophistication of the big American and European cities; the end result was the marriage began to go sour, which got worse after their return to the States in 1925. Louise would file for divorce in 1928, and Douglas would return again to the Philippines.

MacArthur was next assigned to the post of Superintendent of West Point, where he dragged the moribund Academy into the 20th century; he had just come out of a very savage, yet very modern war, and he wanted West Point to produce officers capable of leading men into such a war. And he also got married, to Louise Cromwell Brooks, a flapper and heiress. But his West Point job was ended soon after, when Chief of Staff Pershing - who, during the war had an affair with Louise - ordered MacArthur to the Philippines. Although disappointed at the orders, yet glad to be back in his beloved islands, Louise was not happy, as she was used to the glamour and sophistication of the big American and European cities; the end result was the marriage began to go sour, which got worse after their return to the States in 1925. Louise would file for divorce in 1928, and Douglas would return again to the Philippines.

==Korea==

==Korea==

[[Image:MacArthur (B).jpg|thumb|200px| A 1973 [[portraits|portrait]] of MacArthur]]

[[Image:MacArthur (B).jpg|thumb|200px| A 1973 [[portraits|portrait]] of MacArthur]]

The [[Korean War]] broke out in June of 1950, when the communist North invaded South Korea.  Placed in command of United Nations forces, MacArthur executed a brilliant maneuver by invading the port of Inchon behind North Korean lines, and driving the communists back north.  Soon after this triumph, bickering would come between himself and President [[Harry Truman]] over how the war was to be fought, and engaging [[China]], as MacArthur believed should happen, or in keeping it a limited war and China out of it, as Truman dictated.  The bickering came to a head on April 11, 1951, when Truman, citing his role as Commander in Chief, relieved MacArthur of command, resulting in a firestorm of controversy.  He was given a hero's welcome on his return, and the issue over his firing died away quickly after an address to a joint session of Congress, in which he announced his retirement with grace, stating "old soldiers never die, they just fade away," and like the old soldier in that refrain, MacArthur promised to fade away.

The [[Korean War]] broke out in June 1950, when the communist North invaded South Korea.  Placed in command of United Nations forces, MacArthur executed a brilliant maneuver by invading the port of Inchon behind North Korean lines, and driving the communists back north.  Soon after this triumph, bickering would come between himself and President [[Harry Truman]] over how the war was to be fought, and engaging [[China]], as MacArthur believed should happen, or in keeping it a limited war and China out of it, as Truman dictated.  The bickering came to a head on April 11, 1951, when Truman, citing his role as Commander in Chief, relieved MacArthur of command, resulting in a firestorm of controversy.  He was given a hero's welcome on his return, and the issue over his firing died away quickly after an address to a joint session of Congress, in which he announced his retirement with grace, stating "old soldiers never die, they just fade away," and like the old soldier in that refrain, MacArthur promised to fade away.

==Last years==  

==Last years==

MacArthur lived quietly in New York, coming out into the spotlight on various occasions, such as attending graduations at West Point; once he was placed on the Republican ticket for president in 1952 (his former aide, General [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] would get the job).  He passed away on April 5, 1964, at Walter Reed Army Hospital near Washington, having lived his entire life, from cradle to grave, in the United States Army.  He was buried in the rotunda of the former city hall of Norfolk, [[Virginia]], which had earlier become the MacArthur Memorial.  His wife Jean passed away January 22, 2000, and is buried with him.

MacArthur lived quietly in New York, coming out into the spotlight on various occasions, such as attending graduations at West Point; once he was placed on the Republican ticket for president in 1952 (his former aide, General [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] would get the job).  He passed away on April 5, 1964, at Walter Reed Army Hospital near Washington, having lived his entire life, from cradle to grave, in the United States Army.  He was buried in the rotunda of the former city hall of Norfolk, [[Virginia]], which had earlier become the MacArthur Memorial.  His wife Jean passed away January 22, 2000, and is buried with him.

* The United States is a pre-eminently [[Christian]] and conservative nation. It is far less militaristic than most nations. It is not especially open to the charge of imperialism. Yet one would fancy that Americans were the most brutally blood-thirsty people in the world to judge by the frantic efforts that are being made to disarm them both physically and morally...The effect of all this unabashed and unsound propaganda is not so much to convert America to a holy horror of war as it is to confuse the public mind and lead to muddled thinking in international affairs.<ref>Address to the annual reunion of MacArthur's Rainbow Division in Washington on July 14, 1935</ref>

* The United States is a pre-eminently [[Christian]] and conservative nation. It is far less militaristic than most nations. It is not especially open to the charge of imperialism. Yet one would fancy that Americans were the most brutally blood-thirsty people in the world to judge by the frantic efforts that are being made to disarm them both physically and morally...The effect of all this unabashed and unsound propaganda is not so much to convert America to a holy horror of war as it is to confuse the public mind and lead to muddled thinking in international affairs.<ref>Address to the annual reunion of MacArthur's Rainbow Division in Washington on July 14, 1935</ref>

* In the last 3,400 years only 268 -- less than 1 in 13 -- have been free from wars.  

* In the last 3,400 years only 268—less than 1 in 13—have been free from wars.  

* I have known war as few men now living know it. Its very destructiveness on both friend and foe has rendered it useless as a means of settling international disputes.  

* I have known war as few men now living know it. Its very destructiveness on both friend and foe has rendered it useless as a means of settling international disputes.  

* A better world shall emerge based on faith and understanding.  

* A better world shall emerge based on faith and understanding.  

* Talk of imminent threat to our national security through the application of external force is pure nonsense. Our threat is from the insidious forces working from within which have already so drastically altered the character of our free institutions — those institutions we proudly called the American way of life. <ref>Speech in Lansing, Michigan, May 15, 1951</ref>

* Talk of imminent threat to our national security through the application of external force is pure nonsense. Our threat is from the insidious forces working from within which have already so drastically altered the character of our free institutions — those institutions we proudly called the American way of life.<ref>Speech in Lansing, Michigan, May 15, 1951</ref>

* It [socialism] discourages development of moral forces which would preserve inviolate our representative form of government, answerable to the will of the electorate.<ref>Opening Centennial celebration, Seattle Wash, 11-13-1951</ref>  

* It [socialism] discourages development of moral forces which would preserve inviolate our representative form of government, answerable to the will of the electorate.<ref>Opening Centennial celebration, Seattle Wash, 11-13-1951</ref>  

* I promise to keep on living as though I expected to live forever. Nobody grows old by merely living a number of years. People grow old only by deserting their ideals. Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up interest wrinkles the soul.

* I promise to keep on living as though I expected to live forever. Nobody grows old by merely living a number of years. People grow old only by deserting their ideals. Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up interest wrinkles the soul.

* I am concerned for the security of our great Nation; not so much because of any threat from without, but because of the insidious forces working from within. <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=F-ILUHbWtncC&pg=PA175&dq=I+am+concerned+for+the+security+of+our+great+Nation%3B+not+so+much+because+of+any+threat+from+without,+but+because+of+the+insidious+forces+working+from+within.&ei=SKjPS6WRC4T6zATDtLDOCQ&cd=2 General MacArthur Speeches and Reports 1908-1964‎ - Page 175, Edward T. Imparato]</ref>

* I am concerned for the security of our great Nation; not so much because of any threat from without, but because of the insidious forces working from within.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=F-ILUHbWtncC&pg=PA175&dq=I+am+concerned+for+the+security+of+our+great+Nation%3B+not+so+much+because+of+any+threat+from+without,+but+because+of+the+insidious+forces+working+from+within.&ei=SKjPS6WRC4T6zATDtLDOCQ&cd=2 General MacArthur Speeches and Reports 1908-1964‎ - Page 175, Edward T. Imparato]</ref>

==Further reading==

==Further reading==

== References ==  

== References ==

  {{reflist|2}}

  {{reflist|2}}

[[Category:American war heroes]]

[[Category:American war heroes]]

[[Category:Soldiers]]

[[Category:Soldiers]]

[[category:United States Army]]

[[Category:United States Army]]

[[category:New Deal]]

[[Category:New Deal]]

[[Category:Best Selling Authors]]

[[Category:Best Selling Authors]]