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[[CPUSA]]<br/>

[[CPUSA]]<br/>

[[American Peace Mobilization]]<br/>

[[American Peace Mobilization]]<br/>

[[Elizabeth_Bentley#Myrna_group|Myrna group]]

[[Elizabeth Bentley#Myrna group|Myrna group]]

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'''Frederick Vanderbilt Field''' (April 15, 1905 - February 1, 2000) was an American millionaire<ref>Craig Thomson, “America's Millionaire Communist,” ''The Saturday Evening Post'', September 9, 1950</ref> and great-great-grandson of railroad tycoon [[Cornelius Vanderbilt|Cornelius "Commodore" Vanderbilt]]<ref>Anthony Summers, "[http://www.rd.com/content/marilyn-monroe Bombshell]", ''Reader's Digest'', October 2006</ref> who claimed to have been a member of the [[Communist Party]].<ref>Kai Bird and Svetlana Chervonnaya, “[http://www.theamericanscholar.org/the-mystery-of-ales/ The Mystery of 'Ales'],” ''The American Scholar'', Summer 2007</ref>  

'''Frederick Vanderbilt Field''' (April 15, 1905 - February 1, 2000) was an American millionaire<ref>Craig Thomson, “America's Millionaire Communist,” ''The Saturday Evening Post'', September 9, 1950</ref> and great-great-grandson of railroad tycoon [[Cornelius Vanderbilt|Cornelius "Commodore" Vanderbilt]]<ref>Anthony Summers, "[http://www.rd.com/content/marilyn-monroe Bombshell]", ''Reader's Digest'', October 2006</ref> who claimed to have been a member of the [[Communist Party]].<ref>Kai Bird and Svetlana Chervonnaya, “[http://www.theamericanscholar.org/the-mystery-of-ales/ The Mystery of 'Ales'],” ''The American Scholar'', Summer 2007</ref>  

==Early Life==

==Early life==

He was born on April 15, 1905, and as a young man attended [[Harvard]].  While at Harvard, he was the editor of the Harvard Crimson.<ref name=timeangel>[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,811650,00.html COMMUNISTS: Life of an Angel], ''[[Time magazine]]'' article, January 9, 1950.</ref>

He was born on April 15, 1905, and as a young man attended [[Harvard]].  While at Harvard, he was the editor of the Harvard Crimson.<ref name=timeangel>[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,811650,00.html COMMUNISTS: Life of an Angel], ''[[Time magazine]]'' article, January 9, 1950.</ref>

According to files of the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]<ref>FBI Report: Institute of Pacific Relations, Internal Security - C, November 4, 1944 ([http://Ultra-Secret.info/PDFs/IPR01.pdf FBI file: Institute of Pacific Relations, Section 1], PDF pp. 45-46)</ref> (FBI), he was also:

According to files of the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]<ref>FBI Report: Institute of Pacific Relations, Internal Security - C, November 4, 1944 ([http://Ultra-Secret.info/PDFs/IPR01.pdf FBI file: Institute of Pacific Relations, Section 1], PDF pp. 45-46)</ref> (FBI), he was also:

* founder and Editorial Board Chairman of ''[[Amerasia]]'', whose editor, Philip Jaffe, pleaded guilty to "conspiracy to embezzle, steal and purloin" government property after [[Office of Strategic Services]] (OSS) and [[FBI]] investigators found hundreds of government documents -- many labeled "secret," "top secret," or "confidential" -- in the magazine's offices.<ref>Harvey Klehr and Ronald Radosh, ''The Amerasia Spy Case: Prelude to McCarthyism'' (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1996) ISBN 0-8078-2245-0, p. 131</ref>

* founder and Editorial Board Chairman of ''[[Amerasia]]'', whose editor, Philip Jaffe, pleaded guilty to "conspiracy to embezzle, steal and purloin" government property after [[Office of Strategic Services]] (OSS) and [[FBI]] investigators found hundreds of government documents—many labeled "secret," "top secret," or "confidential"—in the magazine's offices.<ref>Harvey Klehr and Ronald Radosh, ''The Amerasia Spy Case: Prelude to McCarthyism'' (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1996) ISBN 0-8078-2245-0, p. 131</ref>

* guest editor of (and weekly columnist in) the ''[[Daily Worker]]'', the official newspaper of the Communist Party

* guest editor of (and weekly columnist in) the ''[[Daily Worker]]'', the official newspaper of the Communist Party

* assistant editor of ''[[New Masses]]'', identified by one scholar as the "semi-official spokesman of Communist letters"<ref>James Burkhart Gilbert, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=xrSLRSqKgxUC&pg=PA88&sig=ibruDZ1tFl85qBg4QQK6abd8T90#PPA106,M1 Writers and Partisans: A History of Literary Radicalism in America]'' (New York: Columbia University Press, 1992) ISBN 0231082541, p. 106</ref>

* assistant editor of ''[[New Masses]]'', identified by one scholar as the "semi-official spokesman of Communist letters"<ref>James Burkhart Gilbert, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=xrSLRSqKgxUC&pg=PA88&sig=ibruDZ1tFl85qBg4QQK6abd8T90#PPA106,M1 Writers and Partisans: A History of Literary Radicalism in America]'' (New York: Columbia University Press, 1992) ISBN 0231082541, p. 106</ref>

Field also served as secretary of the bail fund of the [[Civil Rights Congress]] (CRC), another organization designated a Communist front by the attorney general.<ref>Enid Nemy, "[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E0D9163EF934A35751C0A9669C8B63&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/N/Nemy,%20Enid Frederick Vanderbilt Field, Wealthy Leftist, Dies at 94]," ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 7, 2000</ref> According to [[Georgetown University]] Professor [[Carroll Quigley]], Field was also an officer of what Quigley alleged was a "Communist-front organization, the Trade Union Services, Incorporated, of New York City." <ref>Carroll Quigley, ''Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time'' (New York: Macmillan Company, 1966) ISBN 0-945001-10-X, p. 944</ref>

Field also served as secretary of the bail fund of the [[Civil Rights Congress]] (CRC), another organization designated a Communist front by the attorney general.<ref>Enid Nemy, "[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E0D9163EF934A35751C0A9669C8B63&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/N/Nemy,%20Enid Frederick Vanderbilt Field, Wealthy Leftist, Dies at 94]," ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 7, 2000</ref> According to [[Georgetown University]] Professor [[Carroll Quigley]], Field was also an officer of what Quigley alleged was a "Communist-front organization, the Trade Union Services, Incorporated, of New York City." <ref>Carroll Quigley, ''Tragedy and Hope: A History of the World in Our Time'' (New York: Macmillan Company, 1966) ISBN 0-945001-10-X, p. 944</ref>

After education at [[Harvard University]] and a year at the [[London School of Economics]]<ref>Robert Sherrill, “[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9903E0DB173BF935A25753C1A965948260 A Life Devoted to a Lost Cause],” ''The New York Times'', October 16, 1983</ref> where he came under the influence of [[socialist]] [[Harold Laski]],<ref>Enid Nemy, ''[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E0D9163EF934A35751C0A9669C8B63&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/N/Nemy,%20Enid Op. cit.],''</ref> he joined the [[Socialist Party of America]] of [[Norman Thomas]] in 1928.<ref name=timeangel /> By age 30, he had "evolved into a thoroughgoing Communist."<ref>Robert Sherrill, ''[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9903E0DB173BF935A25753C1A965948260 Op. cit.]''</ref>

After education at [[Harvard University]] and a year at the [[London School of Economics]]<ref>Robert Sherrill, “[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9903E0DB173BF935A25753C1A965948260 A Life Devoted to a Lost Cause],” ''The New York Times'', October 16, 1983</ref> where he came under the influence of [[socialist]] [[Harold Laski]],<ref>Enid Nemy, ''[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E0D9163EF934A35751C0A9669C8B63&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/N/Nemy,%20Enid Op. cit.],''</ref> he joined the [[Socialist Party of America]] of [[Norman Thomas]] in 1928.<ref name=timeangel /> By age 30, he had "evolved into a thoroughgoing Communist."<ref name="Op. cit">Robert Sherrill, ''[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9903E0DB173BF935A25753C1A965948260 Op. cit.]''</ref>

==Stalinist==

==Stalinist==

Field "slavishly followed the party line."<ref name=timeangel /> "[Soviet dictator Josef] [[Stalin]] was infallible," he wrote. "[A]ll my Communist surroundings told me so. So was [American Communist Party Secretary [[Earl Browder|Earl] Browder]], although on a lower level of sanctity, and so were the other CP [Communist Party] leaders."<ref>Herbert Romerstein and Eric Breindel, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mVpWH51F7toC&pg=PP1&dq=the+venona+secrets&sig=YjqLS-EKVnkl7tqP2RGUa0fKiUk#PPA57,M1 The Venona Secrets]'' (Washington: Regnery Publishing, 2001) ISBN 0895262258, p. 57</ref> At a time when other erstwhile loyal friends of the Soviet Union were becoming disillusioned by [[Stalin]]'s [[Great Purge]], Field defended the bloody Moscow [[show trials]], saying, "because Comrade Stalin says so, we have to believe the trials are just."<ref>Robert Sherrill, ''[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9903E0DB173BF935A25753C1A965948260 Op. cit.]''</ref>

Field "slavishly followed the party line."<ref name=timeangel /> "[Soviet dictator Josef] [[Stalin]] was infallible," he wrote. "[A]ll my Communist surroundings told me so. So was [American Communist Party Secretary [[Earl Browder|Earl] Browder]], although on a lower level of sanctity, and so were the other CP [Communist Party] leaders."<ref>Herbert Romerstein and Eric Breindel, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mVpWH51F7toC&pg=PP1&dq=the+venona+secrets&sig=YjqLS-EKVnkl7tqP2RGUa0fKiUk#PPA57,M1 The Venona Secrets]'' (Washington: Regnery Publishing, 2001) ISBN 0895262258, p. 57</ref> At a time when other erstwhile loyal friends of the Soviet Union were becoming disillusioned by [[Stalin]]'s [[Great Purge]], Field defended the bloody Moscow [[show trials]], saying, "because Comrade Stalin says so, we have to believe the trials are just."<ref name="Op. cit"/>

A year out of college, Field joined IPR, which he described as "a bourgeois research-educational organization" funded by the Rockefeller and Carnegie foundations and some of the biggest corporations in the U.S., which he claimed subsidized his publication of proposals "as anticapitalistic as the articles he wrote in later decades for ''The New Masses'' and ''The Daily Worker''."<ref>''[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9903E0DB173BF935A25753C1A965948260 Ibid.]''</ref> He wrote a memo cautioning [[Owen Lattimore]], editor of the IPR quarterly ''Pacific Affairs'', with regard to a certain article, "the analysis is a straight [[Marxism|Marxist]] one and . . . should not be altered."<ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,822192-1,00.html Absent-Minded Professor?]" ''Time'', March 10, 1952</ref> In his role at IPR, Field "took no pay; he was, in fact, one of the institute's most generous contributors."<ref name=timeangel /> He also "supported Communist causes in the 1930's, 40's and 50's,"<ref>Enid Nemy, ''[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E0D9163EF934A35751C0A9669C8B63&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/N/Nemy,%20Enid  Op. cit.]''</ref> while Russian files add that he was "generously donating money to several organizations close to" the Soviets.<ref>Bird and Chervonnaya, ''[http://www.theamericanscholar.org/su07/ales-bird.html Op. cit.]''</ref> Quigley alleged that Field served as "the chief link between the Communists and the Institute of Pacific Relations in 1928-1947." <ref>Carroll Quigley, ''Op. cit.''</ref> He served as a Trustee of IPR, along with [[Alger Hiss]], among others, until 1947.<ref>Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Security Laws, Senate Committee on the Judiciary, ''Interlocking Subversion in Government Departments'', (Washington: U S Government Printing Office, 1954), pp. 8-10</ref> Andrew Avery, ''Chicago Journal of Commerce'' (July 1, 1946), reported that Field attended the 1945 [[United Nations]] founding conference in San Francisco as an IPR representative, and also as a writer for the ''Daily Worker.''<ref>[http://education-research.org/PDFs/splitfiles/splitprocessed/IPR03_Folder/IPR03_page4.pdf FBI Report: Southern California Division, American Council, Institute of Pacific Relations, June 13, 1947, p. 3] (FBI file: Institute of Pacific Relations, Section 3, PDF p. 4)</ref> The presiding officer was Secretary-General [[Alger Hiss]].<ref>[http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/who.html Who was Alger Hiss?] The Alger Hiss Story: Search for the Truth</ref>

A year out of college, Field joined IPR, which he described as "a bourgeois research-educational organization" funded by the Rockefeller and Carnegie foundations and some of the biggest corporations in the U.S., which he claimed subsidized his publication of proposals "as anticapitalistic as the articles he wrote in later decades for ''The New Masses'' and ''The Daily Worker''."<ref>''[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9903E0DB173BF935A25753C1A965948260 Ibid.]''</ref> He wrote a memo cautioning [[Owen Lattimore]], editor of the IPR quarterly ''Pacific Affairs'', with regard to a certain article, "the analysis is a straight [[Marxism|Marxist]] one and . . . should not be altered."<ref>"[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,822192-1,00.html Absent-Minded Professor?]" ''Time'', March 10, 1952</ref> In his role at IPR, Field "took no pay; he was, in fact, one of the institute's most generous contributors."<ref name=timeangel /> He also "supported Communist causes in the 1930's, 40's and 50's,"<ref>Enid Nemy, ''[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E0D9163EF934A35751C0A9669C8B63&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/N/Nemy,%20Enid  Op. cit.]''</ref> while Russian files add that he was "generously donating money to several organizations close to" the Soviets.<ref>Bird and Chervonnaya, ''[http://www.theamericanscholar.org/su07/ales-bird.html Op. cit.]''</ref> Quigley alleged that Field served as "the chief link between the Communists and the Institute of Pacific Relations in 1928-1947." <ref>Carroll Quigley, ''Op. cit.''</ref> He served as a Trustee of IPR, along with [[Alger Hiss]], among others, until 1947.<ref>Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Security Laws, Senate Committee on the Judiciary, ''Interlocking Subversion in Government Departments'', (Washington: U S Government Printing Office, 1954), pp. 8-10</ref> Andrew Avery, ''Chicago Journal of Commerce'' (July 1, 1946), reported that Field attended the 1945 [[United Nations]] founding conference in San Francisco as an IPR representative, and also as a writer for the ''Daily Worker.''<ref>[http://education-research.org/PDFs/splitfiles/splitprocessed/IPR03_Folder/IPR03_page4.pdf FBI Report: Southern California Division, American Council, Institute of Pacific Relations, June 13, 1947, p. 3] (FBI file: Institute of Pacific Relations, Section 3, PDF p. 4)</ref> The presiding officer was Secretary-General [[Alger Hiss]].<ref>[http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/who.html Who was Alger Hiss?] The Alger Hiss Story: Search for the Truth</ref>

==Lauchlin Currie and infiltration of military intelligence==

==Lauchlin Currie and infiltration of military intelligence==

According to the [[United States Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security|McCarran Committee]]'s ''IPR Report'', Lattimore, along with President [[Franklin Roosevelt]]'s Administrative Assistant [[Lauchlin Currie]] (identified in the [[Venona]] decrypts as the Soviets' White House source code-named "Page")<ref>Robert J. Hanyok,

According to the [[United States Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security|McCarran Committee]]'s ''IPR Report'', Lattimore, along with President [[Franklin Roosevelt]]'s Administrative Assistant [[Lauchlin Currie]] (identified in the [[Venona]] decrypts as the Soviets' White House source code-named "Page"),<ref>Robert J. Hanyok,

[http://www.nsa.gov/publications/publi00043.pdf ''Eavesdropping on Hell: Historical Guide to Western Communications Intelligence and the Holocaust'', 1939-1945] (Washington, DC: Center for Cryptologic History, National Security Agency, 2005, 2nd Ed.), p. 119 (PDF page 124)</ref>, tried in 1942 to get Field a commission in military intelligence,<ref>M. Stanton Evans, "[http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=455 McCarthyism: Waging the Cold War in America]," ''Human Events'', May 30, 1997</ref> but, unlike [[Duncan Lee]] (Venona code name "Koch"), [[Maurice Halperin]] ("Hare"), [[Julius Joseph]] ("Cautious")<ref>Lee, Halperin and Joseph are identified in Venona decrypt [http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/08_Jun_1943_m7_p1.gif 880 KGB New York to Moscow, 8 June 1943, p. 1]</ref>, [[Carl Marzani]], [[Franz Leopold Neumann]] ("Ruff")<ref>"[http://www.johnearlhaynes.org/page53.html Alexander Vassiliev’s Own Translation of his Notes on Anatoly Gorsky’s December 1948 Memo on Compromised American Sources and Networks]," October 2005</ref>, [[Helen Tenney]] ("Muse"), and [[Donald Wheeler]] ("Izra")&mdash;all of whom got into the OSS&mdash;Field was rejected as a security risk.<ref>Enid Nemy, ''[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E0D9163EF934A35751C0A9669C8B63&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/N/Nemy,%20Enid  Op. cit.]''</ref>

[http://www.nsa.gov/publications/publi00043.pdf ''Eavesdropping on Hell: Historical Guide to Western Communications Intelligence and the Holocaust'', 1939-1945] (Washington, DC: Center for Cryptologic History, National Security Agency, 2005, 2nd Ed.), p. 119 (PDF page 124)</ref> tried in 1942 to get Field a commission in military intelligence,<ref>M. Stanton Evans, "[http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=455 McCarthyism: Waging the Cold War in America]," ''Human Events'', May 30, 1997</ref> but, unlike [[Duncan Lee]] (Venona code name "Koch"), [[Maurice Halperin]] ("Hare"), [[Julius Joseph]] ("Cautious"),<ref>Lee, Halperin and Joseph are identified in Venona decrypt [http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/08_Jun_1943_m7_p1.gif 880 KGB New York to Moscow, 8 June 1943, p. 1]</ref> [[Carl Marzani]], [[Franz Leopold Neumann]] ("Ruff"),<ref>"[http://www.johnearlhaynes.org/page53.html Alexander Vassiliev’s Own Translation of his Notes on Anatoly Gorsky’s December 1948 Memo on Compromised American Sources and Networks]," October 2005</ref> [[Helen Tenney]] ("Muse"), and [[Donald Wheeler]] ("Izra")&mdash;all of whom got into the OSS&mdash;Field was rejected as a security risk.<ref>Enid Nemy, ''[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E0D9163EF934A35751C0A9669C8B63&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/N/Nemy,%20Enid  Op. cit.]''</ref>

In November 1945, former Soviet spy [[Elizabeth Bentley]] told FBI investigators that she had attended a conference in Field's home earlier that year.<ref>FBI Report: [http://Ultra-Secret.info/PDFs/splitfiles/splitprocessed/Silvermaster082_Folder/Silvermaster082_page242.pdf Underground Soviet Espionage Organization (NKVD) in Agencies of the United States Government], October 21, 1946 (Silvermaster file, Vol. 82), p.  221</ref> Also present, she alleged, were Browder, John Hazard Reynolds, head of the United States Service and Shipping Corporation (a [[Comintern]] front organization for Soviet espionage activities)<ref>Lauren Kessler, ''Clever Girl: Elizabeth Bentley, the Spy Who Ushered in the McCarthy Era'' (New York: HarperCollins, 2003) ISBN 0060959738, p. 77</ref> and [[Rae Elson|"Ray" Elson]] (Identified in the [[Gorsky list]] under the cover name "Irma")<ref>Alexander Vassiliev, ''[http://www.johnearlhaynes.org/page53.html Op. cit.]''</ref>

In November 1945, former Soviet spy [[Elizabeth Bentley]] told FBI investigators that she had attended a conference in Field's home earlier that year.<ref>FBI Report: [http://Ultra-Secret.info/PDFs/splitfiles/splitprocessed/Silvermaster082_Folder/Silvermaster082_page242.pdf Underground Soviet Espionage Organization (NKVD) in Agencies of the United States Government], October 21, 1946 (Silvermaster file, Vol. 82), p.  221</ref> Also present, she alleged, were Browder, John Hazard Reynolds, head of the United States Service and Shipping Corporation (a [[Comintern]] front organization for Soviet espionage activities)<ref>Lauren Kessler, ''Clever Girl: Elizabeth Bentley, the Spy Who Ushered in the McCarthy Era'' (New York: HarperCollins, 2003) ISBN 0060959738, p. 77</ref> and [[Rae Elson|"Ray" Elson]] (Identified in the [[Gorsky list]] under the cover name "Irma")<ref>Alexander Vassiliev, ''[http://www.johnearlhaynes.org/page53.html Op. cit.]''</ref>