Changes

== Role in last days of the Soviet Union ==

== Role in last days of the Soviet Union ==

 

[[Communists]] were angry and determined to stop Yeltsin’s challenge. In August 1991, they ordered the soldiers to kill Yeltsin{{fact}}. Providence must have intervened{{fact}}, because the troops refused the order. Rarely, if ever, do troops refuse orders like this. In a communist country such refusal was unheard of prior to the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]] in 1989.  Many{{fact}} explain this as occurring because by 1991 almost everyone could see the writing on the wall: the West was winning and Russia had an opportunity to embrace [[capitalism]].  By 1991 ordinary Russians were very cynical about their system of government and envied the material success of their Western neighbors.  Blaming Gorbachev for this state of affairs, more traditional Communists confined him in his dacha on the [[Black Sea]] for three days, announcing he had stepped down for health reasons.  They probably intended to kill him once things settled down{{fact}}.  Thanks mostly to Yeltsin, who brought tens of thousands of his supporters into [[Red Square]] to protect the [[Russian State Duma]], things never did.

[[Communists]] were angry and determined to stop Yeltsin’s challenge. In August 1991, they ordered the soldiers to kill Yeltsin{{fact}}. Providence must have intervened{{fact}}, because the troops refused the order. Rarely, if ever, do troops refuse orders like this. In a communist country such refusal was unheard of prior to the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]] in 1989.  Many{{fact}} explain this as occurring because by 1991 almost everyone could see the writing on the wall: the West was winning and Russia had an opportunity to embrace [[capitalism]].  By 1991 ordinary Russians were very cynical about their system of government and envied the material success of their Western neighbors.  Blaming Gorbachev for this state of affairs, more traditional Communists confined him in his dacha on the [[Black Sea]] for three days, announcing he had stepped down for health reasons.  They probably intended to kill him once things settled down{{fact}}.  Thanks mostly to Yeltsin, who brought tens of thousands of his supporters into [[Red Square]] to protect the [[Russian State Duma]], things never did.

Although the attempted [[coup d'etat]] failed, it and Yeltsin's response demonstrated Gorbachev's irrelevance to the future of Russia.  He promptly resigned as head of the Communist Party, and then [[Latvia]], [[Estonia]] and other Soviet republics declared their independence as [[Lithuania]] had. On [[Christmas]] Day, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the [[Soviet Union]], which formally ceased to exist on the same day.<ref>http://www.conservapedia.com/World_History_Lecture_Thirteen</ref>

Although the attempted [[coup d'etat]] failed, it and Yeltsin's response demonstrated Gorbachev's irrelevance to the future of Russia.  He promptly resigned as head of the Communist Party, and then [[Latvia]], [[Estonia]] and other Soviet republics declared their independence as [[Lithuania]] had. On [[Christmas]] Day, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the [[Soviet Union]], which formally ceased to exist on the same day.<ref>http://www.conservapedia.com/World_History_Lecture_Thirteen</ref>

American [[liberal bias|liberal media]] sources persistently favored maintaining Communist domination in Soviet Russia under Gorbachev over the aspirations of a popular movement led by the democratic reformer Yeltsin. <ref>[http://www.mrc.org/cyberalerts/2007/cyb20070424.asp#4 Liberal Media Favored Communist 'Reformer' Gorbachev Over Yeltsin] </ref>

American [[liberal bias|liberal media]] sources persistently favored maintaining Communist domination in Soviet Russia under Gorbachev over the aspirations of a popular movement led by the democratic reformer Yeltsin.<ref>[http://www.mrc.org/cyberalerts/2007/cyb20070424.asp#4 Liberal Media Favored Communist 'Reformer' Gorbachev Over Yeltsin]</ref>

== Presidency, 1991-1999 ==

== Presidency, 1991-1999 ==

American POW matters had become intertwined with [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]], shot down by the Soviets in 1983, when Senator Jesse Helms of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations wrote to Boris Yeltsin requesting information concerning both matters. On December 5, 1991, Senator Helms had written to Yeltsin concerning the US servicemen. "The status of thousands and thousands of American servicemen who are held by Soviet and other Communist forces, and who were never repatriated after every major war this century, is of grave concern to the American people." Yeltsin would ultimately respond with a statement made on June 15, 1992, while being interviewed aboard his presidential jet on his way to the United States, "Our archives have shown that it is true - some of them [American POWs from [[World War II]] and the [[Vietnam War]]] were transferred to the territory of the U.S.S.R. and were kept in labor camps... We can only surmise that some of them may still be alive."

American POW matters had become intertwined with [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]], shot down by the Soviets in 1983, when Senator Jesse Helms of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations wrote to Boris Yeltsin requesting information concerning both matters. On December 5, 1991, Senator Helms had written to Yeltsin concerning the US servicemen. "The status of thousands and thousands of American servicemen who are held by Soviet and other Communist forces, and who were never repatriated after every major war this century, is of grave concern to the American people." Yeltsin would ultimately respond with a statement made on June 15, 1992, while being interviewed aboard his presidential jet on his way to the United States, "Our archives have shown that it is true - some of them [American POWs from [[World War II]] and the [[Vietnam War]]] were transferred to the territory of the U.S.S.R. and were kept in labor camps... We can only surmise that some of them may still be alive."

On December 10, just five days after Senator Helms had written Yeltsin concerning American servicemen, Helms would write to Yeltsin concerning KAL 007, "One of the greatest tragedies of the Cold War was the shoot-down of the Korean Airlines flight KAL-007 by the Armed Forces of what was then the Soviet Union on September 1, 1983... The KAL-007 tragedy was one of the most tense incidences of the entire Cold War.  However, now that relations between our two nations have improved substantially, I believe that it is time to resolve the mysteries surrounding this event. Clearing the air on this issue could help further to improve relations." KAL 007 had carried on board among its passengers and crew numbering 269 people, sitting Dem. Congressman from Georgia and then head of the [[John Birch Society]], [[Larry McDonald]]. Then, in June of 1992, Yeltsin revealed the existence of KGB memo reporting the existence of documents related to KAL 007.  Speaking in Washington, he said, "It was a memorandum from (the) [[KGB]] to the Central Committee of the Communist Party where it says that such a tragedy has taken place, and so on and so forth, and that there are documents which would clarify the entire picture.  And the next line then says these documents are so well concealed that it is doubtful that our children will be able to find them, those who come after us will be able to

On December 10, just five days after Senator Helms had written Yeltsin concerning American servicemen, Helms would write to Yeltsin concerning KAL 007, "One of the greatest tragedies of the Cold War was the shoot-down of the Korean Airlines flight KAL-007 by the Armed Forces of what was then the Soviet Union on September 1, 1983... The KAL-007 tragedy was one of the most tense incidences of the entire Cold War.  However, now that relations between our two nations have improved substantially, I believe that it is time to resolve the mysteries surrounding this event. Clearing the air on this issue could help further to improve relations." KAL 007 had carried on board among its passengers and crew numbering 269 people, sitting Dem. Congressman from Georgia and then head of the [[John Birch Society]], [[Larry McDonald]]. Then, in June 1992, Yeltsin revealed the existence of KGB memo reporting the existence of documents related to KAL 007.  Speaking in Washington, he said, "It was a memorandum from (the) [[KGB]] to the Central Committee of the Communist Party where it says that such a tragedy has taken place, and so on and so forth, and that there are documents which would clarify the entire picture.  And the next line then says these documents are so well concealed that it is doubtful that our children will be able to find them, those who come after us will be able to

find them." <ref>UPI, Washington, June 17, 1992</ref>. Yeltsin would ultimately respond on January 8, 1993 by handing over to the International Civil Aviation Organization what the Russians had for so many years denied possessing, the subject of Soviet Naval deception of the U.S. Seventh Fleet <ref>http://www.rescue007.org/ruse.htm</ref> - the vaunted and much sought after tapes of the KAL 007's "Black Box", the tapes from the Digital Flight Data Recorder and the Cockpit Voice Recorder <ref>http://www.rescue007.org/docs/Is%20This%20the%20Final%20Word.pdf</ref>. With the return of the tapes, Yeltsin would hand over the real-time Soviet military communications of the shootdown requested by Helms,including the transcripts of Soviet concealed missions to [[Moneron Island]], reopening the question about the fate of KAL 007 and its passengers (See [[KAL 007: Soviet stalk, shoot down, and rescue mission orders transcripts]] for the reconstruction of KAL 007's flight after the attack based on these military communications)

find them.".<ref>UPI, Washington, June 17, 1992</ref> Yeltsin would ultimately respond on January 8, 1993 by handing over to the International Civil Aviation Organization what the Russians had for so many years denied possessing, the subject of Soviet Naval deception of the U.S. Seventh Fleet <ref>http://www.rescue007.org/ruse.htm</ref> - the vaunted and much sought after tapes of the KAL 007's "Black Box", the tapes from the Digital Flight Data Recorder and the Cockpit Voice Recorder.<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/docs/Is%20This%20the%20Final%20Word.pdf</ref> With the return of the tapes, Yeltsin would hand over the real-time Soviet military communications of the shootdown requested by Helms,including the transcripts of Soviet concealed missions to [[Moneron Island]], reopening the question about the fate of KAL 007 and its passengers (See [[KAL 007: Soviet stalk, shoot down, and rescue mission orders transcripts]] for the reconstruction of KAL 007's flight after the attack based on these military communications)

==See Also==

==See also==

*[[Anatoly Kornukov]]

*[[Anatoly Kornukov]]

*[[Moneron Island]]

*[[Moneron Island]]

*[[Jesse Helms]]

*[[Jesse Helms]]

== Reference ==

== References ==

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