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* See [[Benjamin Harrison V| Benjamin Harrison]], the signer of the Declaration of Independence.

* See [[Benjamin Harrison V|Benjamin Harrison]], the signer of the Declaration of Independence.

'''Benjamin Harrison''' was the 23rd President of the United States, serving from 1889-1893 and known as a conservative Republican. He was born August 20, 1833 in North Bend, Ohio.  He was the grandson of President [[William Harrison]].  He defeated Democrat [[Grover Cleveland]] in a close election in 1888. Harrison's term was characterized by being full of federal spending and legislation including tariffs and other taxes.  He was defeated for reelection in 1892 by Cleveland.  He died on March 31, 1901.  He was a representative politician of the [[Gilded Age]].

'''Benjamin Harrison''' was the 23rd President of the United States, serving from 1889-1893 and known as a conservative Republican. He was born August 20, 1833 in North Bend, Ohio.  He was the grandson of President [[William Harrison]].  He defeated Democrat [[Grover Cleveland]] in a close election in 1888. Harrison's term was characterized by being full of federal spending and legislation including tariffs and other taxes.  He was defeated for reelection in 1892 by Cleveland.  He died on March 31, 1901.  He was a representative politician of the [[Gilded Age]].

Harrison preferred to be a United States senator and was easily elected by the state legislature in 1881. As chairman of the committee on territories he sponsored an act granting Alaska civil government and, against Democratic opposition, vainly sought the admission of Washington, Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, North Dakota, and South Dakota as states. He championed the Mississippi River Commission, naval expansion, and the regulation of railroads.  s a senator, Harrison supported [[civil service reform]] to supplant the traditional spoils system, high protective tariffs to foster industrial development, a strong navy, and regulation of the railroads. He persistently attacked President [[Grover Cleveland]]'s vetoes of  veterans' pension bills. Harrison's popularity with veterans was to be a major factor in winning the presidential nomination in 1888.  

Harrison preferred to be a United States senator and was easily elected by the state legislature in 1881. As chairman of the committee on territories he sponsored an act granting Alaska civil government and, against Democratic opposition, vainly sought the admission of Washington, Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, North Dakota, and South Dakota as states. He championed the Mississippi River Commission, naval expansion, and the regulation of railroads.  s a senator, Harrison supported [[civil service reform]] to supplant the traditional spoils system, high protective tariffs to foster industrial development, a strong navy, and regulation of the railroads. He persistently attacked President [[Grover Cleveland]]'s vetoes of  veterans' pension bills. Harrison's popularity with veterans was to be a major factor in winning the presidential nomination in 1888.  

Although defeated by two votes in the legislature for reelection to the Senate, Harrison loomed as the strongest Republican candidate for president in 1888 and was nominated on the 8th ballot after the New York delegation swung to him. An intensely fought campaign followed, with the [[tariff]] as the main issue.<ref> Richard Jensen, ''The Winning of the Midwest'' (1971), ch. 1</ref> Harrison set a precedent by conducting an effective "front porch" campaign, making a large number of short speeches to visiting delegations. His masterful campaign chairman was Philadelphia dry goods merchant John Wanamaker, who perfected the "army style" of [[American election campaigns, 19th century|19th century campaigns]].  Harrison defeated incumbent Grover Cleveland by a vote of 233 to 168 in the electoral college, although Cleveland received 5,537,857 popular votes to Harrison's 5,447,129.

Although defeated by two votes in the legislature for reelection to the Senate, Harrison loomed as the strongest Republican candidate for president in 1888 and was nominated on the 8th ballot after the New York delegation swung to him. An intensely fought campaign followed, with the [[tariff]] as the main issue.<ref>Richard Jensen, ''The Winning of the Midwest'' (1971), ch. 1</ref> Harrison set a precedent by conducting an effective "front porch" campaign, making a large number of short speeches to visiting delegations. His masterful campaign chairman was Philadelphia dry goods merchant John Wanamaker, who perfected the "army style" of [[American election campaigns, 19th century|19th century campaigns]].  Harrison defeated incumbent Grover Cleveland by a vote of 233 to 168 in the electoral college, although Cleveland received 5,537,857 popular votes to Harrison's 5,447,129.

==Presidency==

==Presidency==

==Cabinet==

==Cabinet==

Among Harrison's excellent cabinet appointments was Benjamin F. Tracy, secretary of the Navy. Armor-clad ships of the most modern design--fateful for Spain in 1898--were rapidly built and navy yard employees were placed under civil service. John Wanamaker, as postmaster general, inspired his department with a vision of greater service. He advocated the establishment of postal savings banks and the parcel post--ideas that were to be realized two decades later. The appointment of [[James G. Blaine]] (the Republican presidential candidate defeated by Cleveland in the 1884 election) as secretary of state was viewed critically by some. Harrison kept in close touch with each department's major programs. He brought two future presidents to Washington: [[Theodore Roosevelt]] as civil service commissioner and [[William Howard Taft]] as solicitor general. In [[civil service reform]] good progress was made, but it was not revolutionary enough to satisfy its proponents.

Among Harrison's excellent cabinet appointments was Benjamin F. Tracy, secretary of the Navy. Armor-clad ships of the most modern design—fateful for Spain in 1898—were rapidly built and navy yard employees were placed under civil service. John Wanamaker, as postmaster general, inspired his department with a vision of greater service. He advocated the establishment of postal savings banks and the parcel post—ideas that were to be realized two decades later. The appointment of [[James G. Blaine]] (the Republican presidential candidate defeated by Cleveland in the 1884 election) as secretary of state was viewed critically by some. Harrison kept in close touch with each department's major programs. He brought two future presidents to Washington: [[Theodore Roosevelt]] as civil service commissioner and [[William Howard Taft]] as solicitor general. In [[civil service reform]] good progress was made, but it was not revolutionary enough to satisfy its proponents.

[[Image:TINMAN1890.jpg|thumb|300px|1890 ''Puck'' cartoon ridicules President Harrison (who called for a tariff on tin), as a little Tin Man, while Secretary of State Blaine is a larger figure clad in steel armor.]]

[[Image:TINMAN1890.jpg|thumb|300px|1890 ''Puck'' cartoon ridicules President Harrison (who called for a tariff on tin), as a little Tin Man, while Secretary of State Blaine is a larger figure clad in steel armor.]]

* Dearing,  Mary R. ''Veterans in Politics'' (1952), covers the issue of veterans' pensions  

* Dearing,  Mary R. ''Veterans in Politics'' (1952), covers the issue of veterans' pensions  

* De Santis,  Vincent P. ''Republicans Face the Southern Question'' (1959), explains the defeat of the ciivl rights program

* De Santis,  Vincent P. ''Republicans Face the Southern Question'' (1959), explains the defeat of the ciivl rights program

* De Santis,  Vincent P. "The Republican Party and the Southern Negro, 1877-1897." ''The Journal of Negro History'', Vol. 45, No. 2, (1960) pp 71-87 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-2992(196004)45%3A2%3C71%3ATRPATS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-N in JSTOR]

* De Santis,  Vincent P. "The Republican Party and the Southern Negro, 1877-1897." ''The Journal of Negro History'', Vol. 45, No. 2, (1960) pp 71–87 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-2992(196004)45%3A2%3C71%3ATRPATS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-N in JSTOR]

* De Santis, Vincent P. "The Political Life of the Gilded Age: A Review of the Recent Literature" ''The History Teacher,'' Vol. 9, No. 1 (Nov., 1975), pp. 73-106 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0018-2745(197511)9%3A1%3C73%3ATPLOTG%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W in JSTOR]

* De Santis, Vincent P. "The Political Life of the Gilded Age: A Review of the Recent Literature" ''The History Teacher,'' Vol. 9, No. 1 (Nov., 1975), pp.&nbsp;73–106 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0018-2745(197511)9%3A1%3C73%3ATPLOTG%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W in JSTOR]

* Dozer,  D. M. "Benjamin Harrison and the Presidential Campaign of 1892," in ''American Historical Review'' 54, no. 1 (1948) [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8762(194810)54%3A1%3C49%3ABHATPC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-L in JSTOR]

* Dozer,  D. M. "Benjamin Harrison and the Presidential Campaign of 1892," in ''American Historical Review'' 54, no. 1 (1948) [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8762(194810)54%3A1%3C49%3ABHATPC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-L in JSTOR]

* Faulkner, Harold U.; ''Politics, Reform, and Expansion, 1890-1900'' (1959), scholarly survey, strong on economic and political history  [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=8541336 online edition]

* Faulkner, Harold U.; ''Politics, Reform, and Expansion, 1890-1900'' (1959), scholarly survey, strong on economic and political history  [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=8541336 online edition]

* Garraty, John A. ''The New Commonwealth, 1877-1890,'' (1968)scholarly survey, strong on economic and political history

* Garraty, John A. ''The New Commonwealth, 1877-1890,'' (1968)scholarly survey, strong on economic and political history

* Gibbons, H. A. ''John Wanamaker,'' 2 vols. (1926), covers the 1888 campaign.

* Gibbons, H. A. ''John Wanamaker,'' 2 vols. (1926), covers the 1888 campaign.

* Jensen, Richard. "Democracy, Republicanism and Efficiency:  The Values of American Politics, 1885-1930," in Byron Shafer and Anthony Badger, eds, ''Contesting Democracy: Substance and Structure in American Political History, 1775-2000'' (U of Kansas Press, 2001) pp 149-180; [http://www.uic.edu/~rjensen/rj0025.htm online version] , by conservative historian

* Jensen, Richard. "Democracy, Republicanism and Efficiency:  The Values of American Politics, 1885-1930," in Byron Shafer and Anthony Badger, eds, ''Contesting Democracy: Substance and Structure in American Political History, 1775-2000'' (U of Kansas Press, 2001) pp 149–180; [http://www.uic.edu/~rjensen/rj0025.htm online version] , by conservative historian

* Jensen, Richard. ''The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888-1896'' (1971), voting behavior , by conservative historian

* Jensen, Richard. ''The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888-1896'' (1971), voting behavior , by conservative historian

* Josephson, Matthew.  ''The Politicos: 1865-1896'' (1938). entertaining left-wing narrative of national politics

* Josephson, Matthew.  ''The Politicos: 1865-1896'' (1938). entertaining left-wing narrative of national politics

* Kleppner; Paul. ''The Third Electoral System 1853-1892: Parties, Voters, and Political Cultures'' (1979), the most important and detailed analysis of voting behavior in 1888-1892[http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-third-electoral-system-1853-1892-parties-voters-and-political-cultures-by-paul-kleppner.jsp online edition]

* Kleppner; Paul. ''The Third Electoral System 1853-1892: Parties, Voters, and Political Cultures'' (1979), the most important and detailed analysis of voting behavior in 1888-1892 [http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-third-electoral-system-1853-1892-parties-voters-and-political-cultures-by-paul-kleppner.jsp online edition]

* McMurry, Donald L. "The Bureau of Pensions During the Administration of President Harrison," ''Mississippi Valley Historical Review'' 13, no. 3 (1926) [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0161-391X(192612)13%3A3%3C343%3ATBOPDT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-R in JSTOR]

* McMurry, Donald L. "The Bureau of Pensions During the Administration of President Harrison," ''Mississippi Valley Historical Review'' 13, no. 3 (1926) [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0161-391X(192612)13%3A3%3C343%3ATBOPDT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-R in JSTOR]

* Morgan, H. Wayne.  ''From Hayes to McKinley: National Party Politics, 1877-1896'' (1969) [http://www.questia.com/read/94446383 online edition]

* Morgan, H. Wayne.  ''From Hayes to McKinley: National Party Politics, 1877-1896'' (1969) [http://www.questia.com/read/94446383 online edition]

{{USPresidents}}

{{USPresidents}}

{{DEFAULTSORT: Harrison, Benjamin}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Harrison, Benjamin}}

[[Category:Republicans]]

[[Category:Republicans]]