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== Health Effects ==

== Health Effects ==

It has been estimated that cigarette smoking is responsible for 28% of all deaths in developed countries in the 35-69 age group, as well as 35% of all cancer deaths and 28% of all deaths due to vascular diseases<ref>Hecht, 2006.</ref>.  Smoking increases the risk of oral, pharyngeal, esophageal, laryngeal, lung, uterine, cervical, urinary, and kidney cancers<ref>[http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/health_effects/cancer.htm</ref>.

Smoking has a significant negative health impact, and causes many dangerous and fatal conditions, including cancers, heart disease, and respiratory disease.

Coronary heart disease is one of the biggest causes of death in the United States, and is 2-4 more likely in smokers than nonsmokers.  Smokers are also 10 times more likely to develop peripheral vascular disease, which is a narrowing of the arteries.  Additionally, smokers are twice as vulnerable to a stroke compared with nonsmokers<ref>[http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/health_effects/heart.htm]</ref>

 

Coronary heart disease is one of the biggest causes of death in the United States, and is 2-4 more likely in smokers than nonsmokers.  Smokers are also 10 times more likely to develop peripheral vascular disease, which is a narrowing of the arteries.  Additionally, smokers are twice as vulnerable to a stroke compared with nonsmokers<ref>http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/health_effects/heart.htm</ref>  Smoking also negatively impacts the respiratory system.  Approximately 90% of all deaths from chronic lung diseases are the result of smoking<ref>http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/health_effects/respiratory.htm</ref>

== Secondhand Smoke ==

== Secondhand Smoke ==