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Line 8: − === Open carry in Africa ===+ Line 14:
Line 14: − === Open carry in Asia ===+ − === Open carry in Latin America ===+ − === Open carry in Oceania ===+
clean up & uniformity
In some countries, firearms laws are consciously and even contemptuously ignored by the citizenry, who see the right to own and carry firearms as a traditional right that pre-dates the advent of government.<ref>http://www.al-bab.com/yemen/artic/gdn30.htm</ref> The latter is typified in the Philippines<ref>http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/views-and-analysis/07/16/09/guns-galore-miriam-coronel-ferrer</ref> and in Yemen,<ref name="arabinsight.org">http://www.arabinsight.org/aiarticles/182.pdf</ref> where there are millions of unregistered firearms, and where provincial law enforcement officers often make no attempt to enforce national firearms laws, with many considering the laws intrusive and dictatorial.<ref>http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/MAN480485.htm</ref><ref>[http://www.upi.com/Emerging_Threats/2009/08/05/Gun-ban-in-Yemen-ineffective/UPI-13171249492827/ "Gun ban in Yemen ineffective" UPI online edition]</ref>
In some countries, firearms laws are consciously and even contemptuously ignored by the citizenry, who see the right to own and carry firearms as a traditional right that pre-dates the advent of government.<ref>http://www.al-bab.com/yemen/artic/gdn30.htm</ref> The latter is typified in the Philippines<ref>http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/views-and-analysis/07/16/09/guns-galore-miriam-coronel-ferrer</ref> and in Yemen,<ref name="arabinsight.org">http://www.arabinsight.org/aiarticles/182.pdf</ref> where there are millions of unregistered firearms, and where provincial law enforcement officers often make no attempt to enforce national firearms laws, with many considering the laws intrusive and dictatorial.<ref>http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/MAN480485.htm</ref><ref>[http://www.upi.com/Emerging_Threats/2009/08/05/Gun-ban-in-Yemen-ineffective/UPI-13171249492827/ "Gun ban in Yemen ineffective" UPI online edition]</ref>
== Open carry in Africa ==
The private ownership and open carry of small arms is commonly seen in a number of African countries including Burundi,<ref>http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/vol15no4/154arms.htm,</ref> Chad,<ref>http://select.nytimes.com/2006/11/14/opinion/14kristof.html?_r=1</ref> the Democratic Republic of Congo,<ref>[http://www.examner.com/x-18149-SelfDefense-Examiner~y2009m8d16-An-African-villages-armed-self-defense-story "An African village’s armed self defense story" exainer.com]</ref><ref>http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2007/08/congo_on_the_trgen.html</ref> Eritrea,<ref>http://www.awate.com/portal/content/view/926/2/</ref> Ethiopia,<ref>http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=35148&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=7&cHash=83faf38f19</ref> Kenya,<ref>http://www.afrika.no/Detailed/10361.html</ref><ref name="allafrica.com">http://allafrica.com/stories/200804250081.html</ref> Mali,<ref>http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/vol15no4/154arms.htm</ref> Niger,<ref>http://www.the-diplomat.com/article.aspx?aeid=3608</ref> Rwanda,<ref>[http://www.defense-aerospace.com/article-view/verbatim/16134/arms-transfers-and-trafficking-in-africa.html "Arms Transfers and Trafficking in Africa" www.defense-aerospace.com]</ref><ref>http://www.travelblog.org/Africa/Rwanda/Province-du-Sud/blog-274047.html</ref> Sierra Leone,<ref>http://content.undp.org/go/newsroom/choices-choosing-development-over-guns-in-sierra-leone-2004-12.en;jsessionid=ax8XXhk63Co_?categoryID=349627&lang=en</ref> Somalia,<ref>http://huwu.org/webcast/pdfs/wc969.pdf</ref> South Africa,<ref>http://www.examner.com/x-1417-Gun-Rights-Examiner~y2009m6d29-South-Africa-gun-owners-get-reprieve</ref> Sudan.,<ref>http://newledger.com/2009/07/the-guns-of-sudan/</ref><ref>http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/206/39700.html,</ref> Uganda,<ref name="web.africa.ufl.edu">http://web.africa.ufl.edu/asq/v1/1/3.htm</ref><ref name="web.africa.ufl.edu"/> and Zambia.<ref>http://www.globalaging.org/armedconflict/countryreports/africa/war.htm</ref> In Somalia, boys as young as nine years old are seen carrying loaded guns.<ref>[http://www.thestar.com/article/168129 "Saving Somalia's youth from the gun" ''Toronto Star'' online edition]</ref> The reasons for the proliferation of arms vary, but often include self-defense, hunting, and protection of livestock.<ref>http://www.scribd.com/doc/4684113/The-Scramble-for-Cattle-Power-and-Guns-in-Karamoja</ref><ref>[http://www.tve.org/earthreport/archive/doc.cfm?aid=1343 "Earth Report" Television for the Environment and Television Trust for the Environment Web site]</ref> In some African countries such as Kenya and Rwanda, owning and carrying guns is done in defiance of national laws.<ref name="allafrica.com"/>
The private ownership and open carry of small arms is commonly seen in a number of African countries including Burundi,<ref>http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/vol15no4/154arms.htm,</ref> Chad,<ref>http://select.nytimes.com/2006/11/14/opinion/14kristof.html?_r=1</ref> the Democratic Republic of Congo,<ref>[http://www.examner.com/x-18149-SelfDefense-Examiner~y2009m8d16-An-African-villages-armed-self-defense-story "An African village’s armed self defense story" exainer.com]</ref><ref>http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2007/08/congo_on_the_trgen.html</ref> Eritrea,<ref>http://www.awate.com/portal/content/view/926/2/</ref> Ethiopia,<ref>http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=35148&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=7&cHash=83faf38f19</ref> Kenya,<ref>http://www.afrika.no/Detailed/10361.html</ref><ref name="allafrica.com">http://allafrica.com/stories/200804250081.html</ref> Mali,<ref>http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/vol15no4/154arms.htm</ref> Niger,<ref>http://www.the-diplomat.com/article.aspx?aeid=3608</ref> Rwanda,<ref>[http://www.defense-aerospace.com/article-view/verbatim/16134/arms-transfers-and-trafficking-in-africa.html "Arms Transfers and Trafficking in Africa" www.defense-aerospace.com]</ref><ref>http://www.travelblog.org/Africa/Rwanda/Province-du-Sud/blog-274047.html</ref> Sierra Leone,<ref>http://content.undp.org/go/newsroom/choices-choosing-development-over-guns-in-sierra-leone-2004-12.en;jsessionid=ax8XXhk63Co_?categoryID=349627&lang=en</ref> Somalia,<ref>http://huwu.org/webcast/pdfs/wc969.pdf</ref> South Africa,<ref>http://www.examner.com/x-1417-Gun-Rights-Examiner~y2009m6d29-South-Africa-gun-owners-get-reprieve</ref> Sudan.,<ref>http://newledger.com/2009/07/the-guns-of-sudan/</ref><ref>http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/206/39700.html,</ref> Uganda,<ref name="web.africa.ufl.edu">http://web.africa.ufl.edu/asq/v1/1/3.htm</ref><ref name="web.africa.ufl.edu"/> and Zambia.<ref>http://www.globalaging.org/armedconflict/countryreports/africa/war.htm</ref> In Somalia, boys as young as nine years old are seen carrying loaded guns.<ref>[http://www.thestar.com/article/168129 "Saving Somalia's youth from the gun" ''Toronto Star'' online edition]</ref> The reasons for the proliferation of arms vary, but often include self-defense, hunting, and protection of livestock.<ref>http://www.scribd.com/doc/4684113/The-Scramble-for-Cattle-Power-and-Guns-in-Karamoja</ref><ref>[http://www.tve.org/earthreport/archive/doc.cfm?aid=1343 "Earth Report" Television for the Environment and Television Trust for the Environment Web site]</ref> In some African countries such as Kenya and Rwanda, owning and carrying guns is done in defiance of national laws.<ref name="allafrica.com"/>
In some cases villagers carry small arms to protect themselves from marauding bands of soldiers,<ref>http://www.examner.com/x-18149-SelfDefense-Examiner~y2009m8d16-An-African-villages-armed-self-defense-story</ref> lions,<ref>http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1022089</ref> and even against genocide.<ref>http://www.frontline.org.za/books_videos/holocaust_rwanda.htm</ref><ref>http://www.davekopel.com/2a/foreign-gun-control.htm</ref>
In some cases villagers carry small arms to protect themselves from marauding bands of soldiers,<ref>http://www.examner.com/x-18149-SelfDefense-Examiner~y2009m8d16-An-African-villages-armed-self-defense-story</ref> lions,<ref>http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1022089</ref> and even against genocide.<ref>http://www.frontline.org.za/books_videos/holocaust_rwanda.htm</ref><ref>http://www.davekopel.com/2a/foreign-gun-control.htm</ref>
== Open carry in Asia ==
In Afghanistan weapon ownership is common<ref>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/08/07/hamid-karzai-ashraf-ghani_n_253812.html</ref> some of the rural and border states and union territories of India,<ref>http://www.gulfnews.com/world/India/10342395.html</ref><ref>http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/aug/29gun.htm</ref><ref>http://www.indianexpress.com/news/villagers-pick-up-guns-for-a-road/28418/</ref> Iraq,<ref>http://travel2.nytimes.com/2006/04/03/world/worldspecial/03guns.html?fta=y&pagewanted=print</ref> Israel,<ref>http://www.fmep.org/reports/archive/vol.-4/no.-3/israels-policy-of-arming-israeli-settlers-endangers-palestinians-in-the-territories</ref> Lebanon,<ref>http://www.nowlebanon.com/NewsArticleDetails.aspx?ID=15503</ref> Pakistan<ref>[http://www.csmonitor.com/2009/0304/p06s01-wosc.html "Pakistani vigilantes take on Taliban" ''The Christian Science'' online edition]</ref><ref>http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?c=Article_C&cid=1248187395098&pagename=Zone-English-News/NWELayout</ref> (in flagrant disobedience to the "public display" ban enacted in 2000),<ref>http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/gun-ban-to-quell-violence-in-pakistan-721983.html</ref> Sri Lanka,<ref>http://sundaytimes.lk/080120/Columns/sitreport.html</ref> the predominantly Kurdish provinces of Turkey,<ref>http://www.vagabondjourney.com/travelogue/2009/03/guns-in-turkish-kurdistan.html</ref> and Yemen.<ref name="arabinsight.org"/><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1775938.stm "Yemen's weapon culture" BBC News online edition]</ref> In Iraq, doctors may carry guns for self-protection.<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26947184/ "Iraq says doctors can carry guns for protection" msnbc.com]</ref>
In Afghanistan weapon ownership is common<ref>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/08/07/hamid-karzai-ashraf-ghani_n_253812.html</ref> some of the rural and border states and union territories of India,<ref>http://www.gulfnews.com/world/India/10342395.html</ref><ref>http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/aug/29gun.htm</ref><ref>http://www.indianexpress.com/news/villagers-pick-up-guns-for-a-road/28418/</ref> Iraq,<ref>http://travel2.nytimes.com/2006/04/03/world/worldspecial/03guns.html?fta=y&pagewanted=print</ref> Israel,<ref>http://www.fmep.org/reports/archive/vol.-4/no.-3/israels-policy-of-arming-israeli-settlers-endangers-palestinians-in-the-territories</ref> Lebanon,<ref>http://www.nowlebanon.com/NewsArticleDetails.aspx?ID=15503</ref> Pakistan<ref>[http://www.csmonitor.com/2009/0304/p06s01-wosc.html "Pakistani vigilantes take on Taliban" ''The Christian Science'' online edition]</ref><ref>http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?c=Article_C&cid=1248187395098&pagename=Zone-English-News/NWELayout</ref> (in flagrant disobedience to the "public display" ban enacted in 2000),<ref>http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/gun-ban-to-quell-violence-in-pakistan-721983.html</ref> Sri Lanka,<ref>http://sundaytimes.lk/080120/Columns/sitreport.html</ref> the predominantly Kurdish provinces of Turkey,<ref>http://www.vagabondjourney.com/travelogue/2009/03/guns-in-turkish-kurdistan.html</ref> and Yemen.<ref name="arabinsight.org"/><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1775938.stm "Yemen's weapon culture" BBC News online edition]</ref> In Iraq, doctors may carry guns for self-protection.<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26947184/ "Iraq says doctors can carry guns for protection" msnbc.com]</ref>
== Open carry in Latin America ==
Open carry of firearms is fairly common, and predominantly a practice of middle and upper class residents in the rural regions of many Central American and South American countries, primarily for self-defense. Doing so is legal in most Latin American jurisdictions, but laws on registration and vehicular carry vary widely. Open carry is rare in cities, where concealed carry is more commonplace. These countries include Brazil,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4368598.stm "Brazilians reject gun sales ban" BBC News online edition]</ref> Colombia,<ref>http://advocacynet.org/wordpress-mu/rgerome/lang/en-us/blog/2009/07/01/spotlight-on-guns-in-colombia/</ref> Ecuador,<ref>http://www.newwest.net/city/article/when_clouds_clear/C8/L8/</ref> El Salvador,<ref>http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1109.html</ref> Guyana,<ref>http://guyana360.blogspot.com/2006/08/degeneration-of-guyanese-society.html</ref> Honduras,<ref>http://lagringasblogicito.blogspot.com/2007/02/guns-everywhere.html</ref> and Nicaragua.<ref>http://www.nicaliving.com/node/737</ref>
Open carry of firearms is fairly common, and predominantly a practice of middle and upper class residents in the rural regions of many Central American and South American countries, primarily for self-defense. Doing so is legal in most Latin American jurisdictions, but laws on registration and vehicular carry vary widely. Open carry is rare in cities, where concealed carry is more commonplace. These countries include Brazil,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4368598.stm "Brazilians reject gun sales ban" BBC News online edition]</ref> Colombia,<ref>http://advocacynet.org/wordpress-mu/rgerome/lang/en-us/blog/2009/07/01/spotlight-on-guns-in-colombia/</ref> Ecuador,<ref>http://www.newwest.net/city/article/when_clouds_clear/C8/L8/</ref> El Salvador,<ref>http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1109.html</ref> Guyana,<ref>http://guyana360.blogspot.com/2006/08/degeneration-of-guyanese-society.html</ref> Honduras,<ref>http://lagringasblogicito.blogspot.com/2007/02/guns-everywhere.html</ref> and Nicaragua.<ref>http://www.nicaliving.com/node/737</ref>
== Open carry in Oceania ==
Some citizens of the Pacific Islands fairly regularly carry guns, usually for self protection and for hunting wild game, including fruit bats. These nations include East Timor<ref>http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/programguide/stories/200811/s2427810.htm</ref> (where a ban is in effect, but widely flouted, and a law allowing legal ownership has been proposed),<ref>http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,23957956-2703,00.html</ref> Papua New Guinea,<ref>http://www.islandsbusiness.com/islands_business/index_dynamic/containerNameToReplace=MiddleMiddle/focusModuleID=18815/overideSkinName=issueArticle-full.tpl</ref> the Philippines,<ref>http://www.hrsolidarity.net/mainfile.php/2008vol18no04/2667/</ref><ref>http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleid=481403</ref> and the Solomon Islands.<ref>http://www.islandsbusiness.com/news/index_dynamic/containerNameToReplace=MiddleMiddle/focusModuleID=130/focusContentID=15815/tableName=mediaRelease/overideSkinName=newsArticle-full.tpl</ref><ref>http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-78567604.html</ref> In East Timor, where somewhere between 100,000 and 200,000 civilians (about one-third of the population) were killed on a genocidal scale, there is a division of opinion. Some idealists want to try to disarm the country, while others see privately-owned firearms as insurance that another invasion and genocide won't be again attempted.<ref>http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=742684</ref> ''The Australian'' reported "Almost all the ammunition and more than half the firearms of East Timor's national police force are missing. Unaccounted for, according to a security analyst, are more than half the 3,000 Glock 9mm pistols issued to the 3,400-member police force (PNTL), whose authority has ceased to exist in Dili. More than half the PNTL's 400 Steyr assault rifles and Heckler & Koch HK-33 assault rifles, 160 of 200 FNC assault rifles and all F-2000 assault rifles issued to police bodyguard units are also missing." Many of these guns ended up in the hands of gangs, but many others are being held by otherwise law-abiding citizens as "[anti-]genocide insurance."<ref>http://www.etan.org/et2006/june/10/06guns.htm</ref> In the Philippines, some news reporters carry guns.<ref>http://www.ajr.org/Article.asp?id=3969</ref>
Some citizens of the Pacific Islands fairly regularly carry guns, usually for self protection and for hunting wild game, including fruit bats. These nations include East Timor<ref>http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/programguide/stories/200811/s2427810.htm</ref> (where a ban is in effect, but widely flouted, and a law allowing legal ownership has been proposed),<ref>http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,23957956-2703,00.html</ref> Papua New Guinea,<ref>http://www.islandsbusiness.com/islands_business/index_dynamic/containerNameToReplace=MiddleMiddle/focusModuleID=18815/overideSkinName=issueArticle-full.tpl</ref> the Philippines,<ref>http://www.hrsolidarity.net/mainfile.php/2008vol18no04/2667/</ref><ref>http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleid=481403</ref> and the Solomon Islands.<ref>http://www.islandsbusiness.com/news/index_dynamic/containerNameToReplace=MiddleMiddle/focusModuleID=130/focusContentID=15815/tableName=mediaRelease/overideSkinName=newsArticle-full.tpl</ref><ref>http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-78567604.html</ref> In East Timor, where somewhere between 100,000 and 200,000 civilians (about one-third of the population) were killed on a genocidal scale, there is a division of opinion. Some idealists want to try to disarm the country, while others see privately-owned firearms as insurance that another invasion and genocide won't be again attempted.<ref>http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=742684</ref> ''The Australian'' reported "Almost all the ammunition and more than half the firearms of East Timor's national police force are missing. Unaccounted for, according to a security analyst, are more than half the 3,000 Glock 9mm pistols issued to the 3,400-member police force (PNTL), whose authority has ceased to exist in Dili. More than half the PNTL's 400 Steyr assault rifles and Heckler & Koch HK-33 assault rifles, 160 of 200 FNC assault rifles and all F-2000 assault rifles issued to police bodyguard units are also missing." Many of these guns ended up in the hands of gangs, but many others are being held by otherwise law-abiding citizens as "[anti-]genocide insurance."<ref>http://www.etan.org/et2006/june/10/06guns.htm</ref> In the Philippines, some news reporters carry guns.<ref>http://www.ajr.org/Article.asp?id=3969</ref>