Changes

Goldberg had established a name for himself as a leading labor law specialist with the [[Congress of Industrial Organizations]] (CIO) and especially the Steelworkers Union.  He helped purge the CIO of pro-Communist elements and was a strong supporter of anti-Communist programs in the [[Cold War]].  Labor was still a powerful part of the [[New Deal Coalition]] when President [[John F. Kennedy]] appointed him to be [[Secretary of Labor]] in 1961.  

Goldberg had established a name for himself as a leading labor law specialist with the [[Congress of Industrial Organizations]] (CIO) and especially the Steelworkers Union.  He helped purge the CIO of pro-Communist elements and was a strong supporter of anti-Communist programs in the [[Cold War]].  Labor was still a powerful part of the [[New Deal Coalition]] when President [[John F. Kennedy]] appointed him to be [[Secretary of Labor]] in 1961.  

In 1963, after Justice [[Felix Frankfurter]] retired, Kennedy nominated Goldberg to fill the empty seat. Goldberg took his place on the bench in September 1962. <ref>[http://goldberg.law.northwestern.edu/ Northwestern University]</ref>

In 1963, after Justice [[Felix Frankfurter]] retired, Kennedy nominated Goldberg to fill the empty seat. Goldberg took his place on the bench in September 1962.<ref>[http://goldberg.law.northwestern.edu/ Northwestern University]</ref>

==Supreme Court==

==Supreme Court==

Goldberg joined the Court just as the [[Civil Rights Movement]] rose to the forefront of American politics,  and many of the decisions made by the Court were related to this issue. Among the notable cases argued before the Court during Goldberg's tenure were Escobedo v. Illinois (1964), Gibson v. Florida Legislative Investigation Committee (1963), and Zemel v. Rusk (1965). A committed liberal, Goldberg's short tenure on the bench was judged mainly ineffectual.<ref>[http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical+Resources/Biographies+and+Profiles/Profiles/Arthur+Goldberg.htm John F. Kennedy Presidential Library]</ref>

Goldberg joined the Court just as the [[Civil Rights Movement]] rose to the forefront of American politics,  and many of the decisions made by the Court were related to this issue. Among the notable cases argued before the Court during Goldberg's tenure were Escobedo v. Illinois (1964), Gibson v. Florida Legislative Investigation Committee (1963), and Zemel v. Rusk (1965). A committed liberal, Goldberg's short tenure on the bench was judged mainly ineffectual.<ref>[http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical+Resources/Biographies+and+Profiles/Profiles/Arthur+Goldberg.htm John F. Kennedy Presidential Library]</ref>

In January 1966 Goldberg summarized the 14 points of American policy regarding Vietnam:

In January 1966 Goldberg summarized the 14 points of American policy regarding Vietnam:

:"That the United States is prepared for discussions or negotiations without any prior conditions whatsoever or on the basis of the Geneva Accords of 1954 and 1962; that a reciprocal reduction of hostilities could be envisaged and that a cease-fire might be the first order of business in any discussions or negotiations; that the United States remains prepared to withdraw its forces from South Vietnam as soon as South Vietnam is in a position to determine its own future without external interference; that the United States desires no continuing military presence or bases in Vietnam; that the future political structure in South Vietnam should be determined by the South Vietnamese people themselves through democratic processes, and that the question of the reunification of the two Vietnams should be decided by the free decision of their two peoples."<ref> Arthur J. Goldberg, "The Search For Peace". ''Thought'' 1966 41(160): 45-51</ref>  

:"That the United States is prepared for discussions or negotiations without any prior conditions whatsoever or on the basis of the Geneva Accords of 1954 and 1962; that a reciprocal reduction of hostilities could be envisaged and that a cease-fire might be the first order of business in any discussions or negotiations; that the United States remains prepared to withdraw its forces from South Vietnam as soon as South Vietnam is in a position to determine its own future without external interference; that the United States desires no continuing military presence or bases in Vietnam; that the future political structure in South Vietnam should be determined by the South Vietnamese people themselves through democratic processes, and that the question of the reunification of the two Vietnams should be decided by the free decision of their two peoples."<ref>Arthur J. Goldberg, "The Search For Peace". ''Thought'' 1966 41(160): 45-51</ref>  

{{DEFAULTSORT:Goldberg, Arthur}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Goldberg, Arthur}}

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