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==Pennsylvania==
 
==Pennsylvania==
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Between 1801 and 1806 rival factions of Jeffersonian Republicans in Philadelphia engaged in intense public debate and vigorous political competition that pitted radical democrats against moderates who defended the traditional rights of the propertied classes. The radicals, led by [[William Duane]], publisher of the Jeffersonian ''Aurora'', agitated for legislative reforms that would increase popular representation and the power of the poor and laboring classes. Moderates successfully outmaneuvered their radical opponents and kept the Pennsylvania legislature friendly to emergent liberal capitalism. The term was first used in 1804, referring to the moderates, especially a faction of the Republican party calling itself "the Society of Constitutional Republicans."  They gathered Federalist support and in 1805 re-elected Governor [[Thomas McKean]], who had been elected by a united Republican party in 1802, but had broken with the majority wing of the party.<ref> Shankman (1999); Phillips (1977)</ref>
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Between 1801 and 1806 rival factions of Jeffersonian Republicans in Philadelphia engaged in intense public debate and vigorous political competition that pitted radical democrats against moderates who defended the traditional rights of the propertied classes. The radicals, led by [[William Duane]], publisher of the Jeffersonian ''Aurora'', agitated for legislative reforms that would increase popular representation and the power of the poor and laboring classes. Moderates successfully outmaneuvered their radical opponents and kept the Pennsylvania legislature friendly to emergent liberal capitalism. The term was first used in 1804, referring to the moderates, especially a faction of the Republican party calling itself "the Society of Constitutional Republicans."  They gathered Federalist support and in 1805 re-elected Governor [[Thomas McKean]], who had been elected by a united Republican party in 1802, but had broken with the majority wing of the party.<ref>Shankman (1999); Phillips (1977)</ref>
    
==New York==
 
==New York==
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==Bibliography==
 
==Bibliography==
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* Cunningham, Jr., Noble E.  "Who Were the Quids?" in ''The Mississippi Valley Historical Review'' Vol. 50, No. 2 (Sep., 1963), pp. 252-263 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1902756 in JSTOR]  
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* Cunningham, Jr., Noble E.  "Who Were the Quids?" in ''The Mississippi Valley Historical Review'' Vol. 50, No. 2 (Sep., 1963), pp.&nbsp;252–263 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1902756 in JSTOR]  
 
* Phillips, Kim T. "William Duane, Philadelphia's Democratic Republicans, and the Origins of Modern Politics." ''Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography'' 1977 101(3): 365-387. Issn: 0031-4587  
 
* Phillips, Kim T. "William Duane, Philadelphia's Democratic Republicans, and the Origins of Modern Politics." ''Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography'' 1977 101(3): 365-387. Issn: 0031-4587  
 
* Risjord, Norman K.  ''The Old Republicans: Southern Conservatism in the Age of Jefferson'' (1965) the standard history of the Randolph faction. [http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-old-republicans-southern-conservatism-in-the-age-of-jefferson-by-norman-k-risjord.jsp online edition]
 
* Risjord, Norman K.  ''The Old Republicans: Southern Conservatism in the Age of Jefferson'' (1965) the standard history of the Randolph faction. [http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-old-republicans-southern-conservatism-in-the-age-of-jefferson-by-norman-k-risjord.jsp online edition]
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* Shankman, Andrew. "Malcontents and Tertium Quids: The Battle to Define Democracy in Jeffersonian Philadelphia" ''Journal of the Early Republic,'' Vol. 19, No. 1 (Spring, 1999) , pp. 43-72 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3124922  in JSTOR]
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* Shankman, Andrew. "Malcontents and Tertium Quids: The Battle to Define Democracy in Jeffersonian Philadelphia" ''Journal of the Early Republic,'' Vol. 19, No. 1 (Spring, 1999), pp.&nbsp;43–72 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3124922  in JSTOR]
 
* Stuart, Reginald C. "James Madison and the Militants: Republican Disunity and Replacing the Embargo." ''Diplomatic History'' 1982 6(2): 145-167. Issn: 0145-2096 [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120045507/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0 online]
 
* Stuart, Reginald C. "James Madison and the Militants: Republican Disunity and Replacing the Embargo." ''Diplomatic History'' 1982 6(2): 145-167. Issn: 0145-2096 [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120045507/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0 online]
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* [[Conservatism]]
 
* [[Conservatism]]
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====references====
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====References====
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
 
[[Category:Early National U.S.]]
 
[[Category:Early National U.S.]]
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