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'''Philipp Melanchthon''' (1497-1560) was a German reformer, collaborator with [[Martin Luther]], the first systematic theologian of the [[Protestantism|Protestant]]Reformation, and a influential designer of educational systems. He stands next to Luther and Calvin as a reformer, theologian, and molder of Protestantism. As much as Luther, he is the primary founder of [[Lutheranism]]. They both denounced what they saw as the exaggerated cult of the saints, the idolatrous adoration of the Host, and the coercion of the conscience in the sacrament of penance that nevertheless could not offer certainty of salvation.
'''Philipp Melanchthon''' (1497-1560) was a German reformer, collaborator with [[Martin Luther]], the first systematic theologian of the [[Protestantism|Protestant]]Reformation, and an influential designer of educational systems. He stands next to Luther and Calvin as a reformer, theologian, and molder of Protestantism. As much as Luther, he is the primary founder of [[Lutheranism]]. They both denounced what they saw as the exaggerated cult of the saints, the idolatrous adoration of the Host, and the coercion of the conscience in the sacrament of penance that nevertheless could not offer certainty of salvation.
Melanchthon made the distinction between law and gospel the central formula for Lutheran evangelical insight. The "law" meant the Papacy and rigid rituals controlled by priests; the "gospel" meant an individual directly confronting Christ through Bible reading, hymns and prayer.
Melanchthon made the distinction between law and gospel the central formula for Lutheran evangelical insight. The "law" meant the Papacy and rigid rituals controlled by priests; the "gospel" meant an individual directly confronting Christ through Bible reading, hymns and prayer.
==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
* Bagchi, David, and David C. Steinmetz, eds. ''The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology'' (2004)[http://www.amazon.com/Cambridge-Companion-Reformation-Theology-Companions/dp/0521776627/ref=sid_dp_dp excerpt and text search]
* Bagchi, David, and David C. Steinmetz, eds. ''The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology'' (2004)[http://www.amazon.com/Cambridge-Companion-Reformation-Theology-Companions/dp/0521776627/ref=sid_dp_dp excerpt and text search]
* Estes, James M. "The Role of Godly Magistrates in the Church: Melanchthon as Luther's Interpreter and Collaborator," ''Church History'' Vol. 67, No. 3 (Sep., 1998), pp. 463-483 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0009-6407%28199809%2967%3A3%3C463%3ATROGMI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-I in JSTOR]
* Estes, James M. "The Role of Godly Magistrates in the Church: Melanchthon as Luther's Interpreter and Collaborator," ''Church History'' Vol. 67, No. 3 (Sep., 1998), pp. 463–483 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0009-6407%28199809%2967%3A3%3C463%3ATROGMI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-I in JSTOR]
* Kien, O. "Melanchthon, Philipp," in ''New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge,'' (1911) [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/encyc07.m.viii.html online edition vol 7 pp 279-86]
* Kien, O. "Melanchthon, Philipp," in ''New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge,'' (1911) [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/encyc07.m.viii.html online edition vol 7 pp 279-86]
* Maag, Karin Y. ''Melanchthon in Europe: His Work and Influence beyond Wittenberg'' (1999) [http://www.amazon.com/Melanchthon-Europe-Wittenberg-Reformation-Post-Reformation/dp/0801022231/ref=sr_1_12?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1201172757&sr=1-12 excerpt and text search]
* Maag, Karin Y. ''Melanchthon in Europe: His Work and Influence beyond Wittenberg'' (1999) [http://www.amazon.com/Melanchthon-Europe-Wittenberg-Reformation-Post-Reformation/dp/0801022231/ref=sr_1_12?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1201172757&sr=1-12 excerpt and text search]
* Rogness, Michael. ''Philip Melanchthon: Reformer without Honor.'' (1969).
* Rogness, Michael. ''Philip Melanchthon: Reformer without Honor.'' (1969).
* Scheible, Heinz. "Melanchthon, Philipp" ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation.'' Ed. Hans J. Hillerbrand. (1996)[http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t172.e0922 online at [[OUP]]]
* Scheible, Heinz. "Melanchthon, Philipp" ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation.'' Ed. Hans J. Hillerbrand. (1996)[http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t172.e0922 online at [[OUP]]]
* Scheible, Heinz. "Luther and Melanchthon". ''Lutheran Quarterly'' 4 (1990), pp.317–339
* Scheible, Heinz. "Luther and Melanchthon". ''Lutheran Quarterly'' 4 (1990), pp. 317–339
* Smith, Preserved. ''The Life and Letters of Martin Luther.'' (1911) [http://books.google.com/books?id=bngAAAAAMAAJ&dq=intitle:The+intitle:Life+intitle:and+intitle:Letters+intitle:of+intitle:Martin+intitle:Luther&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&ei=DO-TR86lGKeGtgPWkuxG complete edition online free]
* Smith, Preserved. ''The Life and Letters of Martin Luther.'' (1911) [http://books.google.com/books?id=bngAAAAAMAAJ&dq=intitle:The+intitle:Life+intitle:and+intitle:Letters+intitle:of+intitle:Martin+intitle:Luther&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&ei=DO-TR86lGKeGtgPWkuxG complete edition online free]
* Stupperich, Robert, and Robert H Fischer. ''Melanchthon: The Enigma of the Reformation'' (2006)
* Stupperich, Robert, and Robert H Fischer. ''Melanchthon: The Enigma of the Reformation'' (2006)