Changes

'''At 18:26:02''' (06:26:02 Sakhalin time), Maj. Osipovich's ANAB  radar-guided air-to-air missile explodes 50 meters behind and slightly to the right of KAL 007's tail.

'''At 18:26:02''' (06:26:02 Sakhalin time), Maj. Osipovich's ANAB  radar-guided air-to-air missile explodes 50 meters behind and slightly to the right of KAL 007's tail.

KAL 007's nose begins to pitch up immediately (Plot 1, line 2) to be followed by a more gradual increase in altitude (Plot 1, line 1).  These changes appear on the crew's instruments.  They may also have sensed them.  Immediately upon missile detonation, the jumbo jet begins to experience buffeting (yawing) as the dual channel yaw damper is damaged (Plot 2, line 6).  Yawing would not have occurred if either No. 1 or No. 2 hydraulic systems were fully operational.  What does not happen that should have happened is that the control column (Plot 1, line 3) does not thrust forward upon impact (it should have done so, as the plane was on autopilot -- plot 2, line 8 -- to bring down the plane to its former altitude of 35,000 feet).  This failure of the autopilot to correct the rise in altitude indicates that hydraulic system No. 3, which operates the autopilot actuator, a system controlling the plane's elevators, was damaged or out.  KAL 007's airspeed (Plot 1, line 4) and acceleration rate (Plot 1, line 5) both begin to decrease as the plane begins to climb.

KAL 007's nose begins to pitch up immediately (Plot 1, line 2) to be followed by a more gradual increase in altitude (Plot 1, line 1).  These changes appear on the crew's instruments.  They may also have sensed them.  Immediately upon missile detonation, the jumbo jet begins to experience buffeting (yawing) as the dual channel yaw damper is damaged (Plot 2, line 6).  Yawing would not have occurred if either No. 1 or No. 2 hydraulic systems were fully operational.  What does not happen that should have happened is that the control column (Plot 1, line 3) does not thrust forward upon impact (it should have done so, as the plane was on autopilot—plot 2, line 8 -- to bring down the plane to its former altitude of 35,000 feet).  This failure of the autopilot to correct the rise in altitude indicates that hydraulic system No. 3, which operates the autopilot actuator, a system controlling the plane's elevators, was damaged or out.  KAL 007's airspeed (Plot 1, line 4) and acceleration rate (Plot 1, line 5) both begin to decrease as the plane begins to climb.

'''At 18:26:06''', Capt. Chun yells out, "What happened?"  First Officer Son responds, "What?"  Two seconds later, Chun yells, "Retard throttles."  Son responds, "Engines normal, sir."  (This indicates that Maj. Osipovich's heat seeking missile has missed its mark.)  KAL 007 continues its climb (it will do so until it reaches 38,250 ft. in altitude -- Plot 1, line 1) when at twenty seconds after missile detonation a click is heard in the cabin -- which is identified as the "automatic pilot disconnect warning" sound.  Pilot or co-pilot has disconnected the autopilot and is now manually thrusting the control column forward (Plot 1, line 3) in order to bring down the plane.  But we see that though the autopilot has been turned "off" (Plot 2, line 8), manual mode will not kick in for another twenty seconds (Plot 2, line 9).  This failure of manual to engage upon being commanded indicates again, failure in hydraulic systems No. 1 and No. 2.  But there is progress, of sorts!  Though still rising in altitude, with the thrusting forward of the control column, KAL 007's nose begins to come down.  That is, pitch is being corrected (Plot 1, line 2).  Nevertheless, Capt. Chun absorbed with the danger of the rising altitude, calls out, "Altitude is going up!... Altitude is going up!" '''(18:26:22 and 18:26:24)'''  But immediately another problem presents itself.

'''At 18:26:06''', Capt. Chun yells out, "What happened?"  First Officer Son responds, "What?"  Two seconds later, Chun yells, "Retard throttles."  Son responds, "Engines normal, sir."  (This indicates that Maj. Osipovich's heat seeking missile has missed its mark.)  KAL 007 continues its climb (it will do so until it reaches 38,250 ft. in altitude—Plot 1, line 1) when at twenty seconds after missile detonation a click is heard in the cabin—which is identified as the "automatic pilot disconnect warning" sound.  Pilot or co-pilot has disconnected the autopilot and is now manually thrusting the control column forward (Plot 1, line 3) in order to bring down the plane.  But we see that though the autopilot has been turned "off" (Plot 2, line 8), manual mode will not kick in for another twenty seconds (Plot 2, line 9).  This failure of manual to engage upon being commanded indicates again, failure in hydraulic systems No. 1 and No. 2.  But there is progress, of sorts!  Though still rising in altitude, with the thrusting forward of the control column, KAL 007's nose begins to come down.  That is, pitch is being corrected (Plot 1, line 2).  Nevertheless, Capt. Chun absorbed with the danger of the rising altitude, calls out, "Altitude is going up!... Altitude is going up!" '''(18:26:22 and 18:26:24)'''  But immediately another problem presents itself.

'''Chun (18:26:25): ''' Speed brake is coming out!

'''Chun (18:26:25): ''' Speed brake is coming out!

But, according to the DFDR, the speed brake was not coming out.  The pilots immediately return to the main problem.

But, according to the DFDR, the speed brake was not coming out.  The pilots immediately return to the main problem.

'''Son (18:26:33): ''' I am not able to drop altitude -- now unable.

'''Son (18:26:33): ''' I am not able to drop altitude—now unable.

'''Chun (18:26:38): ''' Altitude is going up.

'''Chun (18:26:38): ''' Altitude is going up.

As First Officer Son's call to Tokyo concludes, Capt. Chun begins his gradual descent.  

As First Officer Son's call to Tokyo concludes, Capt. Chun begins his gradual descent.  

Though yawing has continued through to the end of the tape and, presumably, to the end of the flight, all the other major parameters indicate that KAL 007 exhibits a good measure of airworthiness and control.  The dive has been stopped and the jumbo jet is in a slight descent.  Pitch is in line with the angle of descent.  "Indicated Air Speed" (IAS, Plot 1, line 4) has returned almost exactly to what it was prior to missile detonation (310 knots), after rapid acceleration in dive, and rapid deceleration at the end of the eight-second pull-up, KAL 007 is now at steady, normal (zero) acceleration -- as it was prior to missile detonation -- and the autopilot, now in the command position off, is operating as it should with Capt. Chun in manual control.  But there is work to do at hand.  From the flight deck (the transcript does not identify the voices):

Though yawing has continued through to the end of the tape and, presumably, to the end of the flight, all the other major parameters indicate that KAL 007 exhibits a good measure of airworthiness and control.  The dive has been stopped and the jumbo jet is in a slight descent.  Pitch is in line with the angle of descent.  "Indicated Air Speed" (IAS, Plot 1, line 4) has returned almost exactly to what it was prior to missile detonation (310 knots), after rapid acceleration in dive, and rapid deceleration at the end of the eight-second pull-up, KAL 007 is now at steady, normal (zero) acceleration—as it was prior to missile detonation—and the autopilot, now in the command position off, is operating as it should with Capt. Chun in manual control.  But there is work to do at hand.  From the flight deck (the transcript does not identify the voices):

'''18:27:20:'''  Now... We have to set this

'''18:27:20:'''  Now... We have to set this

The explanation -- "The hydraulics provided actuation for all the primary flight controls; all secondary flight controls (except leading edge flaps); and landing gear retraction, extension, gear steering, and wheel braking.  Systems 1 and 4 could be used for all purposes [KAL 007's hydraulic system no. 4 was undamaged], while systems 2 and 3 were normally used for flight control only... System 4 also had a third electrical power source.  Each primary flight control axis received power from all four hydraulic systems."

The explanation -- "The hydraulics provided actuation for all the primary flight controls; all secondary flight controls (except leading edge flaps); and landing gear retraction, extension, gear steering, and wheel braking.  Systems 1 and 4 could be used for all purposes [KAL 007's hydraulic system no. 4 was undamaged], while systems 2 and 3 were normally used for flight control only... System 4 also had a third electrical power source.  Each primary flight control axis received power from all four hydraulic systems."

The example -- In July of 1971, Pan Am's flagship aircraft, a Boeing 747, registered N747PA, hit a light gantry upon take-off from San Francisco International Airport.  The crew had misjudged the speed of the aircraft and the length of the runway.  As the plane pulled up sharply in an attempt to clear it, the rear end of the fuselage came down on the gantry.  The aircraft continued to take off and with the gantry stuck in its cargo area and with three of the hydraulic systems destroyed.  The jumbo jet circled the airport and made a safe landing -- still with the gantry stuck through its cargo area and only one hydraulic system operational.

The example—In July 1971, Pan Am's flagship aircraft, a Boeing 747, registered N747PA, hit a light gantry upon take-off from San Francisco International Airport.  The crew had misjudged the speed of the aircraft and the length of the runway.  As the plane pulled up sharply in an attempt to clear it, the rear end of the fuselage came down on the gantry.  The aircraft continued to take off and with the gantry stuck in its cargo area and with three of the hydraulic systems destroyed.  The jumbo jet circled the airport and made a safe landing—still with the gantry stuck through its cargo area and only one hydraulic system operational.

"Now... We have to set this. Speed, stand by, stand by, stand by, stand by, set!"

"Now... We have to set this. Speed, stand by, stand by, stand by, stand by, set!"

==See Also==

==See also==

*[[Korean Airlines Flight 007]]

*[[Korean Airlines Flight 007]]

*[[KAL 007: Its Deviated Flight Until Attack]]

*[[KAL 007: Its Deviated Flight Until Attack]]

==External Links==

==External links==

[http://www.rescue007.org/ International Committee for the Rescue of KAL 007 Survivors]

* [http://www.rescue007.org/ International Committee for the Rescue of KAL 007 Survivors]

[[Category:KAL007]]

[[Category:KAL007]]