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'''William Francis (Frank) Murphy''' (April 13, 1890 – July 19, 1949) was a jurist and politician. Most notably, he was an [[Associate Justice]] of the [[United States Supreme Court]], the 56th [[United States Attorney General]] , the 35th [[Governor]] of [[Michigan]] and the 59th [[Mayor]] of [[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]]. He was also the Governor-General of the Philippines, taught at the [[University of Detroit Mercy]] for five years and served as a captain in occupied Germany during [[World War I]].<ref name="bak">{{cite web|url=http://www.hourdetroit.com/Hour-Detroit/September-2008/Frank-Murpheys-Law/|language=English|title=(Frank) Murphy's Law|author=Richard Bak|work=Hour Detroit}}</ref>

'''William Francis (Frank) Murphy''' (April 13, 1890 – July 19, 1949) was a jurist and politician. Most notably, he was an [[Associate Justice]] of the [[United States Supreme Court]], the 56th [[United States Attorney General]] , the 35th [[Governor]] of [[Michigan]] and the 59th [[Mayor]] of [[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]]. He was also the Governor-General of the Philippines, taught at the [[University of Detroit Mercy]] for five years and served as a captain in occupied Germany during [[World War I]].<ref name="bak">{{cite web|url=http://www.hourdetroit.com/Hour-Detroit/September-2008/Frank-Murpheys-Law/|language=English|title=(Frank) Murphy's Law|author=Richard Bak|work=Hour Detroit}}</ref>

During his tenure as attorney general, he enacted the first [[civil rights]] law in the [[Justice Department]].<ref name="oyez">{{cite web|url=http://www.oyez.org/justices/frank_murphy|work=Oyez|language=English|title=Frank Murphy}}</ref>

During his tenure as attorney general, he enacted the first [[civil rights]] law in the [[Justice Department]].<ref name="oyez">{{cite web|url=https://www.oyez.org/justices/frank_murphy|work=Oyez|language=English|title=Frank Murphy}}</ref>

==As a Politician==

==As a Politician==

===Mayor of Detroit===

===Mayor of Detroit===

Murphy became Mayor of Detroit during the first years of the [[Great Depression]].<ref name="bak"/><ref name="maveal">{{cite web|author=Gary Maveal|publisher=Michigan Bar|title=Michigan Lawyers in History--Justice Frank Murphy, Michigan’s Leading Citizen|url=http://www.michbar.org/journal/article.cfm?articleID=42&volumeID=6|language=English}}</ref> He combatted this reality by convincing industrialists to turn over their factories to be converted to boardinghouses for the homeless, and allowed delinquent property owners to pay their taxes over a seven-year period.<ref name="bak"/> He also notably set up apple vendors - where the elderly or handicapped bought apples for 2 cents, and then resold them for a nickel - at the program’s peak, 650 Detroiters were supporting their families by selling apples.<ref name="bak"/>  

Murphy became Mayor of Detroit during the first years of the [[Great Depression]].<ref name="bak"/><ref name="maveal">{{cite web|author=Gary Maveal|publisher=Michigan Bar|title=Michigan Lawyers in History--Justice Frank Murphy, Michigan’s Leading Citizen|url=http://www.michbar.org/journal/article.cfm?articleID=42&volumeID=6|language=English}}</ref> He combatted this reality by convincing industrialists to turn over their factories to be converted to boardinghouses for the homeless, and allowed delinquent property owners to pay their taxes over a seven-year period.<ref name="bak"/> He also notably set up apple vendors - where the elderly or handicapped bought apples for 2 cents, and then resold them for a nickel - at the program's peak, 650 Detroiters were supporting their families by selling apples.<ref name="bak"/>  

Murphy organized meetings of mayors from across the nation - this would lead to the establishment of the U.S. Conference of Mayors - he would be their first president;<ref name="maveal"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://usmayors.org/about/pastpresidents.asp|title=Past Presidents|work=The United States Conference of Mayors|language=English}}</ref> this group convinced [[Congress]] to provide direct federal aid to the cities.<ref name="bak"/>

Murphy organized meetings of mayors from across the nation - this would lead to the establishment of the U.S. Conference of Mayors - he would be their first president;<ref name="maveal"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://usmayors.org/about/pastpresidents.asp|title=Past Presidents|work=The United States Conference of Mayors|language=English}}</ref> this group convinced [[Congress]] to provide direct federal aid to the cities.<ref name="bak"/>