Changes

The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; many came to Notre Dame, including Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907-1982) in classics and law<ref>See [http://myweb.wvnet.edu/~jelkins/lp-2001/chroust.html bibliography]</ref>, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler.<ref>Frank O'Malley, "Waldemar Gurian at Notre Dame," ''Review of Politics,'' Vol. 17, No. 1, The Gurian Memorial Issue (Jan., 1955), pp. 19-23 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1405095 in JSTOR]</ref>. Ivan Meštrovic (1883-1962), a renown sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus.<ref>See [http://www.nd.edu/~ndethics/inspires/mestrovic.shtml Ivan Meštrovic (1883-1962)] </ref>

The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; many came to Notre Dame, including Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907-1982) in classics and law<ref>See [http://myweb.wvnet.edu/~jelkins/lp-2001/chroust.html bibliography]</ref>, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler.<ref>Frank O'Malley, "Waldemar Gurian at Notre Dame," ''Review of Politics,'' Vol. 17, No. 1, The Gurian Memorial Issue (Jan., 1955), pp. 19-23 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1405095 in JSTOR]</ref>. Ivan Meštrovic (1883-1962), a renown sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus.<ref>See [http://www.nd.edu/~ndethics/inspires/mestrovic.shtml Ivan Meštrovic (1883-1962)] </ref>

The exiles developed a distinctive emphasis on the evils of totalitarianism.  For example the political science courses of Gerhart Niemeyer (1907-97) explained communist ideology and were particularly accessible to his students. He came to ND in 1955, and was a frequent contributor to the ''National Review'' and other conservative magazines.<ref> William S. Miller, "Gerhart Niemeyer: His Principles of Conservatism," ''Modern Age'' 2007 49(3): 273-284 online at [[EBSCO]]</ref>

The exiles developed a distinctive emphasis on the evils of totalitarianism.  For example, the political science courses of Gerhart Niemeyer (1907-97) explained communist ideology and were particularly accessible to his students. He came to ND in 1955, and was a frequent contributor to the ''National Review'' and other conservative magazines.<ref> William S. Miller, "Gerhart Niemeyer: His Principles of Conservatism," ''Modern Age'' 2007 49(3): 273-284 online at [[EBSCO]]</ref>