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→History
Magyar tradition holds that the Country of the Magyars (''Magyarország'') was founded by [[Árpád]], who led the [[Magyars]] into the [[Pannonian plain]] in 896 AD. The "Ten Arrows" mentioned above referred to ten tribes, the alliance of which was the foundation of the army of the invading Magyars.
Magyar tradition holds that the Country of the Magyars (''Magyarország'') was founded by [[Árpád]], who led the [[Magyars]] into the [[Pannonian plain]] in 896 AD. The "Ten Arrows" mentioned above referred to ten tribes, the alliance of which was the foundation of the army of the invading Magyars.
===Stephen I of Hungary===
The [[Kingdom of Hungary]] was established in 1000 by King [[Stephen I of Hungary|Saint Stephen]]. Originally named Vajk, Stephen was a direct descendant of [[Árpád]], and was baptised as a child. He married [[Giselle of Bavaria]], the daughter of [[Henry II, Duke of Bavaria]] in 996, and after the death of his father [[Géza of Hungary|Prince Géza]] in 997, he assumed the mantle of ruler and became the first Christian king of Hungary.
[[Image:Saint Stephen Crown.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Crown of St. Stephen|crown]] of [[Stephen I of Hungary|Saint Stephen]].]]
St. Stephen I received his [[Crown of St. Stephen|crown]] from [[Pope Silvester II]] in 1000. As a Christian king, he established the Hungarian Church with ten dioceses and the royal administration of the country that was divided into counties ([[Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary)|comitatus]] or ''vármegye''). Hungary became a [[patrimonial kingdom]] where the majority of the land was the private property of the ruler. In [[1083]], he was [[canonize]]d along with his son, [[Imre of Hungary]].
Initially, Hungarian history and politics developed in close association with that of [[Poland]] and [[Bohemia]], driven by the interventions of various Popes and Emperors of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. Between 1241–1242, under [[King Béla IV]], Hungary was devastated, suffering great loss of life at the hands of the [[Mongol]] ([[Tatar]]) armies of [[Batu Khan]] who defeated the Hungarians at the [[Battle of Muhi]]. Despite the victory, the Mongols did not occupy Hungary, but withdrew shortly after upon the news of the death of [[Ögedei Khan]], leaving behind a country in ruins. The famous "Bent Cross" atop the crown has become a symbol of Hungary. Originally the cross was upright but was bent when the crown was stolen in the eleventh century.