Changes

[[Image:No-news.jpg|thumb|left]]

[[Image:No-news.jpg|thumb|left]]

The Seattle ''Post-Intelligencer'' in March 2009 became the largest American paper to drop its print edition and become an Internet-only publication. It cut  its news staff from 165 journalists to only 20. A part of the Hearst chain, the P-I had a print circulation of 118,000 a day but lost $14 million in 2008 and no one wanted to buy it. Seattle still has a daily print paper, the ''Seattle Times,'' but it too is in deep financial trouble. <ref>"Seattle Paper Shifts Entirely to the Web," [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/17/business/media/17paper.html?_r=1&hp ''New York Times Mar. 16, 2009]</ref>''USA Today'', which distributes half its papers through hotels and does not depend on advertising, is cutting back as circulation fell from 2.3 to 2.2 million copies a day.

The Seattle ''Post-Intelligencer'' in March 2009 became the largest American paper to drop its print edition and become an Internet-only publication. It cut  its news staff from 165 journalists to only 20. A part of the Hearst chain, the P-I had a print circulation of 118,000 a day but lost $14 million in 2008 and no one wanted to buy it. Seattle still has a daily print paper, the ''Seattle Times,'' but it too is in deep financial trouble.<ref>"Seattle Paper Shifts Entirely to the Web," [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/17/business/media/17paper.html?_r=1&hp ''New York Times Mar. 16, 2009]</ref>''USA Today'', which distributes half its papers through hotels and does not depend on advertising, is cutting back as circulation fell from 2.3 to 2.2 million copies a day.

Papers that continue in operation have lost revenue and been forced to cut staff in all departments. The ''New York Times'' news department peaked at more than 1,330 employees in 2008; by late 2009 it was down to 1,250 and planning to cut more jobs; no other American newspaper has more than about 750.

Papers that continue in operation have lost revenue and been forced to cut staff in all departments. The ''New York Times'' news department peaked at more than 1,330 employees in 2008; by late 2009 it was down to 1,250 and planning to cut more jobs; no other American newspaper has more than about 750.

===19th century===

===19th century===

====Chicago====

====Chicago====

Late-19th-century big city newspapers such as the ''Chicago Daily News'' - founded in 1875 by Melville E. Stone - ushered in an era of news reporting that was, unlike earlier periods, in tune with the particulars of community life in specific cities. Vigorous competition between older and newer-style city papers soon broke out, centered on civic activism and sensationalist reporting of urban political issues and the numerous problems associated with rapid urban growth. In Chicago competition was especially fierce between the ''Chicago Times'' (Democratic),  the ''Chicago Tribune,'' (Republican) and the ''Daily News'' (independent), with the latter becoming the city's most popular paper by the 1880s.<ref>David Paul Nord, "Read All about It"" ''Chicago History'' 2002 31(1): 26-57. Issn: 0272-8540 </ref>

Late-19th-century big city newspapers such as the ''Chicago Daily News'' - founded in 1875 by Melville E. Stone - ushered in an era of news reporting that was, unlike earlier periods, in tune with the particulars of community life in specific cities. Vigorous competition between older and newer-style city papers soon broke out, centered on civic activism and sensationalist reporting of urban political issues and the numerous problems associated with rapid urban growth. In Chicago competition was especially fierce between the ''Chicago Times'' (Democratic),  the ''Chicago Tribune,'' (Republican) and the ''Daily News'' (independent), with the latter becoming the city's most popular paper by the 1880s.<ref>David Paul Nord, "Read All about It"" ''Chicago History'' 2002 31(1): 26-57. Issn: 0272-8540</ref>

===20th century===

===20th century===

It downplays legitimate news in favor of eye-catching headlines that sell more newspapers.  It may feature exaggerations of news events,  scandals, sex, weird events or unprofessional practices by news media organizations or journalists.  Campbell (2001) defines Yellow Press newspapers as having daily multi-column front-page headlines covering a variety of topics, such as sports and scandal, using bold layouts (with large illustrations and perhaps color), heavy reliance on unnamed sources, and unabashed self-promotion.  

It downplays legitimate news in favor of eye-catching headlines that sell more newspapers.  It may feature exaggerations of news events,  scandals, sex, weird events or unprofessional practices by news media organizations or journalists.  Campbell (2001) defines Yellow Press newspapers as having daily multi-column front-page headlines covering a variety of topics, such as sports and scandal, using bold layouts (with large illustrations and perhaps color), heavy reliance on unnamed sources, and unabashed self-promotion.  

Mott defines Yellow Journalism in terms of five characteristics:<ref> Frank Luther Mott, ''American Journalism'' (1941) p. 539 [http://books.google.com/books?id=3lTybuXbGVsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=mott+%22american+journalism%22&hl=en#PPA539,M1 online]</ref>

Mott defines Yellow Journalism in terms of five characteristics:<ref>Frank Luther Mott, ''American Journalism'' (1941) p. 539 [http://books.google.com/books?id=3lTybuXbGVsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=mott+%22american+journalism%22&hl=en#PPA539,M1 online]</ref>

# scare headlines in huge print, often of minor news

# scare headlines in huge print, often of minor news

# lavish use of pictures, or imaginary drawings

# lavish use of pictures, or imaginary drawings

===Rapid decline in circulation===

===Rapid decline in circulation===

The circulation of the nation’s daily newspapers plunged during 2006, in one of the sharpest declines in recent history. The slide continues a decades-long trend and adds to the woes of a mature industry already struggling with layoffs and facing the potential sale of some of its flagships.  In addition newsstand sales of magazines fell more than 4 percent, to about 48.7 million copies. Among domestic newsweeklies, Time magazine reported the biggest drop.  Analysts pointed to the increased use of the Internet, noting that more people in 2006 read the ''New York Times'' online than on paper.  Newspaper readership goes up with education, and education levels are rising. That favorable trend is offset by the choice of people in each age group to read fewer papers.

The circulation of the nation’s daily newspapers plunged during 2006, in one of the sharpest declines in recent history. The slide continues a decades-long trend and adds to the woes of a mature industry already struggling with layoffs and facing the potential sale of some of its flagships.  In addition newsstand sales of magazines fell more than 4 percent, to about 48.7 million copies. Among domestic newsweeklies, Time magazine reported the biggest drop.  Analysts pointed to the increased use of the Internet, noting that more people in 2006 read the ''New York Times'' online than on paper.  Newspaper readership goes up with education, and education levels are rising. That favorable trend is offset by the choice of people in each age group to read fewer papers.

<ref> Katharine Q. Seelye, "Newspaper Circulation Falls Sharply",  ''New York Times'' October 31, 2006. [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/31/business/media/31paper.html?_r=1&ref=business&oref=slogin online] and Journalism.org ''The State of the News Media 2004'' (2005) online at [http://www.stateofthenewsmedia.org/narrative_newspapers_audience.asp?cat=3&media=2]</ref>

<ref>Katharine Q. Seelye, "Newspaper Circulation Falls Sharply",  ''New York Times'' October 31, 2006. [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/31/business/media/31paper.html?_r=1&ref=business&oref=slogin online] and Journalism.org ''The State of the News Media 2004'' (2005) online at [http://www.stateofthenewsmedia.org/narrative_newspapers_audience.asp?cat=3&media=2]</ref>

===Corporate turmoil===

===Corporate turmoil===

After 1950 newspaper readership grew slower than the population. After 1990 the number of readers started to decline.  The number of papers also declined, especially as afternoon papers collapsed in the face of television news. However sales of advertising remained strong and profits were still high. In 2002, newspapers reported advertising revenues of $44 billion. According to Morton Research, a market analysis firm, in 2003, the 13 major publicly traded newspaper companies earned an average pretax profit margin of 19 percent.<ref> journalism.org (2005)</ref>

After 1950 newspaper readership grew slower than the population. After 1990 the number of readers started to decline.  The number of papers also declined, especially as afternoon papers collapsed in the face of television news. However sales of advertising remained strong and profits were still high. In 2002, newspapers reported advertising revenues of $44 billion. According to Morton Research, a market analysis firm, in 2003, the 13 major publicly traded newspaper companies earned an average pretax profit margin of 19 percent.<ref>journalism.org (2005)</ref>

===Comics===

===Comics===

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[[category:media]]

[[Category:Media]]

[[Category:Newspapers]]

[[Category:Newspapers]]