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'''Anders Behring Breivik''' (born Oslo, Norway, February 13th, 1979) was accused of, and has since confessed to, murdering 77 people<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/07/29/501364/main20085603.shtml Death Toll in Norway Attacks Rises to 77]</ref> during a killing spree in [[Norway]] on July 22, 2011. On that day, a bomb was detonated near government buildings in the capital city of [[Oslo]], killing eight. Some 90 minutes later, Breivik went to a summer camp on the island of Utoya and began shooting, killing 69 people.

'''Anders Behring Breivik''' (born Oslo, Norway, February 13, 1979) was accused of, and has since confessed to, murdering 77 people<ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/07/29/501364/main20085603.shtml Death Toll in Norway Attacks Rises to 77]</ref> during a killing spree in [[Norway]] on July 22, 2011. On that day, a bomb was detonated near government buildings in the capital city of [[Oslo]], killing eight. Some 90 minutes later, Breivik went to a summer camp on the island of Utoya and began shooting, killing 69 people.

Breivik describes himself as an investor, director, manager, revolutionary conservative, and resistance fighter.<ref>''2083 - A European Declaration of Independence,''p. 1398</ref>  

Breivik describes himself as an investor, director, manager, revolutionary conservative, and resistance fighter.<ref>''2083 - A European Declaration of Independence,''p. 1398</ref>  

== Attacks ==

== Attacks ==

=== Oslo bombing ===  

=== Oslo bombing ===

At approximately 15:26 local time on Friday, July 22, 2011, a car bomb detonated in the political center of Oslo. Eight people were killed, and the offices of Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg were damaged, along with several other government buildings. Additional undetonated explosives were also located in the area, police confirmed the next day. The explosives were believed to be comprised of fertilizer and fuel, similar to the bomb used in the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing.<ref name="bbc timeline">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14260297 Timeline of attacks]</ref> Norwegian police later revealed that Breivik planned to attack the royal palace and the Labour Party’s headquarters in central Oslo as well as other locations that would “hit the government.”

At approximately 15:26 local time on Friday, July 22, 2011, a car bomb detonated in the political center of Oslo. Eight people were killed, and the offices of Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg were damaged, along with several other government buildings. Additional undetonated explosives were also located in the area, police confirmed the next day. The explosives were believed to be comprised of fertilizer and fuel, similar to the bomb used in the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing.<ref name="bbc timeline">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14260297 Timeline of attacks]</ref> Norwegian police later revealed that Breivik planned to attack the royal palace and the Labour Party’s headquarters in central Oslo as well as other locations that would “hit the government.”

Breivik planned to attack the royal palace and the Labour Party’s headquarters in central Oslo as well as other locations that would “hit the government.” Lippestad confirmed the fact that his client had “both A and B plans” when speaking to newspaper ''Dagbladet'', adding that the attacks he carried out were “probably the B plan.”<ref>[http://www.newsinenglish.no/2011/07/30/breivik-planned-palace-attack/# Breivik planned palace attack]</ref>  The 32-year-old murderer also said his bombing of government buildings in Oslo and shootings at the summer camp on Utoya island for Labour's youth wing was aimed at deterring future recruitment to the Labour party, which he blames for "mass imports of Muslims," which he accuses of engaging in "demographic warfare." <ref>http://news.sky.com/home/world-news/article/16036733</ref>

Breivik planned to attack the royal palace and the Labour Party’s headquarters in central Oslo as well as other locations that would “hit the government.” Lippestad confirmed the fact that his client had “both A and B plans” when speaking to newspaper ''Dagbladet'', adding that the attacks he carried out were “probably the B plan.”<ref>[http://www.newsinenglish.no/2011/07/30/breivik-planned-palace-attack/# Breivik planned palace attack]</ref>  The 32-year-old murderer also said his bombing of government buildings in Oslo and shootings at the summer camp on Utoya island for Labour's youth wing was aimed at deterring future recruitment to the Labour party, which he blames for "mass imports of Muslims," which he accuses of engaging in "demographic warfare." <ref>http://news.sky.com/home/world-news/article/16036733</ref>

Breivik  will be kept in custody for eight weeks, the first four weeks being spent in solitary confinement with no visitors, letters or access to media. If convicted on the charges against him in Norway, a possible 30-year prison sentence could be imposed. However, as a Norwegian prisoner serving an indeterminate sentence must show they are no longer a danger to society before being granted parole, some believe that it is technically possible that Breivik could spend the rest of his life in prison. The prosecution said Breivik had behaved calmly and did not seem to be affected by events. The lawyer representing Anders Behring Breivik has stated that his client is most likely insane. <ref>[http://www.christianpost.com/news/norway-shooting-bombing-anders-behring-breivik-insane-lawyer-says-52835 ''The Christian Post, Norway Shooting, Bombing: Anders Behring Breivik Insane, Lawyer Says''],  Jul. 26 2011</ref>   

Breivik  will be kept in custody for eight weeks, the first four weeks being spent in solitary confinement with no visitors, letters or access to media. If convicted on the charges against him in Norway, a possible 30-year prison sentence could be imposed. However, as a Norwegian prisoner serving an indeterminate sentence must show they are no longer a danger to society before being granted parole, some believe that it is technically possible that Breivik could spend the rest of his life in prison. The prosecution said Breivik had behaved calmly and did not seem to be affected by events. The lawyer representing Anders Behring Breivik has stated that his client is most likely insane.<ref>[http://www.christianpost.com/news/norway-shooting-bombing-anders-behring-breivik-insane-lawyer-says-52835 ''The Christian Post, Norway Shooting, Bombing: Anders Behring Breivik Insane, Lawyer Says''],  Jul. 26 2011</ref>   

Norwegian newspaper ''VG Nett'' claims Anders Behring Breivik had been put on a terrorist watchlist after illegally buying large amount of chemicals online from a Polish retailer.

Norwegian newspaper ''VG Nett'' claims Anders Behring Breivik had been put on a terrorist watchlist after illegally buying large amount of chemicals online from a Polish retailer.

Over a period of approximately three years, Breivik wrote and/or compiled a 1,518 page, partly plagiaristic manifesto titled ''2083 – A European Declaration of Independence,'' half of which he states he wrote himself. He sent this to 8,000 dedicated nationalists just before his murderous rampages began, and which was subsequently converted to a PDF file<ref>[http://www.wnd.com/files/2011/07/2083manifesto.pdf Manifesto]</ref> and posted on the Internet after the attacks.  

Over a period of approximately three years, Breivik wrote and/or compiled a 1,518 page, partly plagiaristic manifesto titled ''2083 – A European Declaration of Independence,'' half of which he states he wrote himself. He sent this to 8,000 dedicated nationalists just before his murderous rampages began, and which was subsequently converted to a PDF file<ref>[http://www.wnd.com/files/2011/07/2083manifesto.pdf Manifesto]</ref> and posted on the Internet after the attacks.  

In his manifesto  Breivik details how Islam invaded Europe in the past and was defeated, and expresses plans to combat, by an "armed indigenous rights movements/resistance movement" (p. 668), the latest Islamic invasion/attack in which they employ "demographic warfare." (p. 816) Breivik resistance involves raising up an army of ''Justiciar Knights,'' ''PCCTS,'' ("Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici" or "Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon" in English), commonly known as the Knights Templar,(p. 1509) which Breivik claimed had been re-formed in London in 2002.

In his manifesto  Breivik details how Islam invaded Europe in the past and was defeated, and expresses plans to combat, by an "armed indigenous rights movements/resistance movement" (p.&nbsp;668), the latest Islamic invasion/attack in which they employ "demographic warfare." (p.&nbsp;816) Breivik resistance involves raising up an army of ''Justiciar Knights,'' ''PCCTS,'' ("Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici" or "Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon" in English), commonly known as the Knights Templar,(p.&nbsp;1509) which Breivik claimed had been re-formed in London in 2002.

Breivik's compendium/book presents "advanced ideological, practical, tactical, organizational and rhetorical solutions and strategies" for his war against "Islam and the cultural Marxism/multiculturalism in Western Europe," and its different political fronts, and the reestablishment of a secular "Christian" Catholic culture, and thus the restoration of Europe's cultural self-confidence (nationalism) by 2083. (pp. 4, 5, 802) Its extensive instructions include prolonged violence and the advocation of the use of drugs to enhance performance.  

Breivik's compendium/book presents "advanced ideological, practical, tactical, organizational and rhetorical solutions and strategies" for his war against "Islam and the cultural Marxism/multiculturalism in Western Europe," and its different political fronts, and the reestablishment of a secular "Christian" Catholic culture, and thus the restoration of Europe's cultural self-confidence (nationalism) by 2083. (pp.&nbsp;4, 5, 802) Its extensive instructions include prolonged violence and the advocation of the use of drugs to enhance performance.  

The manifesto also shows that Breivik was an active player of the World of Warcraft (and other computer games), and indicates that he was inspired by such themes.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/24/us-norway-manifesto-idUSTRE76N0X820110724 Norway's mass killer pursuing anti-Islam crusade]</ref>

The manifesto also shows that Breivik was an active player of the World of Warcraft (and other computer games), and indicates that he was inspired by such themes.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/24/us-norway-manifesto-idUSTRE76N0X820110724 Norway's mass killer pursuing anti-Islam crusade]</ref>

While the manifesto contains a legal disclaimer that states certain chapters in Book 2 and Book 3 (a Declaration of pre-emptive War) were hypothetical, and "must not be confused with an actual plan, or strategy to attempt to harm any individuals...," and that  the author does not condone such, (p. 766-68) yet it has become apparent that this disclaimer itself was part of his malevolent strategy.

While the manifesto contains a legal disclaimer that states certain chapters in Book 2 and Book 3 (a Declaration of pre-emptive War) were hypothetical, and "must not be confused with an actual plan, or strategy to attempt to harm any individuals...," and that  the author does not condone such, (p.&nbsp;766-68) yet it has become apparent that this disclaimer itself was part of his malevolent strategy.

==Religion and moral views==

==Religion and moral views==

Likewise, some reports were quick to described Breivik as a “Christian terrorist,” based largely on his self-identity as one on his Facebook profile, and his postings to some Christian fundamentalist type websites on certain shared views.

Likewise, some reports were quick to described Breivik as a “Christian terrorist,” based largely on his self-identity as one on his Facebook profile, and his postings to some Christian fundamentalist type websites on certain shared views.

However, in contrast to the common theological understanding of Christian fundamentalism, that of "militantly anti-modernist Protestant evangelicalism," and its emphasis on Protestant doctrine and salvation by faith,<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=bKXfuAYqI8EC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Fundamentalism+and+American+Culture&hl=en&src=bmrr&ei=ygAuToT3KJTfgQfUycWlCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=anti-modernist%20Protestant&f=false George M. Marsden, "Fundamentalism and American culture]," pp. 3, 4, 110</ref> in his manifesto, Breivik referred to "Protestantism as the Marxism of Christianity". (p. 1346) He criticized salvation by faith and deplored "Christian fundamentalist theocracy" as "everything we do not want", in favor of "a secular European society based on our Christian cultural heritage". (p. 1346) He also commended the separation of church and state. (p. 1132)  

However, in contrast to the common theological understanding of Christian fundamentalism, that of "militantly anti-modernist Protestant evangelicalism," and its emphasis on Protestant doctrine and salvation by faith,<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=bKXfuAYqI8EC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Fundamentalism+and+American+Culture&hl=en&src=bmrr&ei=ygAuToT3KJTfgQfUycWlCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=anti-modernist%20Protestant&f=false George M. Marsden, "Fundamentalism and American culture]," pp. 3, 4, 110</ref> in his manifesto, Breivik referred to "Protestantism as the Marxism of Christianity". (p.&nbsp;1346) He criticized salvation by faith and deplored "Christian fundamentalist theocracy" as "everything we do not want", in favor of "a secular European society based on our Christian cultural heritage". (p.&nbsp;1346) He also commended the separation of church and state. (p.&nbsp;1132)  

Breivik invoked [[Roman Catholic]] canon law and the example of the [[Crusades]] for support, and looked toward a "Crusader Pope." (p. 1135) He also believed those who died in his case were worthy of an [[indulgence]], (pp. 1324-26, 46) and stated, "If there is a God I will be allowed to enter heaven as all other martyrs for the Church in the past," (p. 1345) and advocated that such take of "the [[Eucharist]] (Holy Communion/The Lord's Supper)" for the practical purpose of strength to face such death. (p. 1345)  

Breivik invoked [[Roman Catholic]] canon law and the example of the [[Crusades]] for support, and looked toward a "Crusader Pope." (p.&nbsp;1135) He also believed those who died in his case were worthy of an [[indulgence]], (pp.&nbsp;1324–26, 46) and stated, "If there is a God I will be allowed to enter heaven as all other martyrs for the Church in the past," (p.&nbsp;1345) and advocated that such take of "the [[Eucharist]] (Holy Communion/The Lord's Supper)" for the practical purpose of strength to face such death. (p.&nbsp;1345)  

Breivik also considered it sufficient that one be "a Christian-agnostic or a Christian atheist" to fight for his Christian cultural heritage, (p. 1361, 62) and held that "it is essential that science takes an undisputed precedence over biblical teachings." (p. 1403)

Breivik also considered it sufficient that one be "a Christian-agnostic or a Christian atheist" to fight for his Christian cultural heritage, (p.&nbsp;1361, 62) and held that "it is essential that science takes an undisputed precedence over biblical teachings." (p.&nbsp;1403)

Breivik denied the need for a personal relationship with Christ to be a Christian, stating, “If you have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and God then you are a religious Christian. Myself and many more like me do not necessarily have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and God. We do however believe in Christianity as a cultural, social, identity and moral platform. This makes us Christian.” (p. 1307)

Breivik denied the need for a personal relationship with Christ to be a Christian, stating, “If you have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and God then you are a religious Christian. Myself and many more like me do not necessarily have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and God. We do however believe in Christianity as a cultural, social, identity and moral platform. This makes us Christian.” (p.&nbsp;1307)

In response to the question as to why he choose an allegiance to a group with Christian values and pan-European goals instead of a purely national/regional group, Breivik stated that,  

In response to the question as to why he choose an allegiance to a group with Christian values and pan-European goals instead of a purely national/regional group, Breivik stated that,  

</blockquote>  

</blockquote>  

In addition, Breivik stated that after 5 years in the Freemasons, he was finally accepted for rank 4-5. However, due to lack of time he decided to decline the offer and told them he would be unavailable until autumn 2011, due to extensive traveling.  (p. 1431)

In addition, Breivik stated that after 5 years in the Freemasons, he was finally accepted for rank 4-5. However, due to lack of time he decided to decline the offer and told them he would be unavailable until autumn 2011, due to extensive traveling.  (p.&nbsp;1431)

In an insight on his personal morality, Breivik was fond of the clubs in Hungary, though he disliked rock music. He avoided affairs with females for the sake of his mission, although he had engaged in fornication less recently, which he stated was "a relatively small sin compared to the huge amounts of grace I am about to generate with my martyrdom operation." He also revealed that he had reserved a substantial sum from his operations budget which he intend to spend on a quality prostitute just before or after he attended his final martyr's mass in Frogner Church in order to place him  "biologically, mentally and spiritually at ease."  (p. 1424)

In an insight on his personal morality, Breivik was fond of the clubs in Hungary, though he disliked rock music. He avoided affairs with females for the sake of his mission, although he had engaged in fornication less recently, which he stated was "a relatively small sin compared to the huge amounts of grace I am about to generate with my martyrdom operation." He also revealed that he had reserved a substantial sum from his operations budget which he intend to spend on a quality prostitute just before or after he attended his final martyr's mass in Frogner Church in order to place him  "biologically, mentally and spiritually at ease."  (p.&nbsp;1424)

While he avoided getting drunk due to the priority of his mission, he advocated the use of performance-enhancing drugs to that end, and he did enjoy getting very drunk at a birthday party. (p. 1415) He also played video games for pleasure and motivation, such as those in the "World of Warcraft" series and "Dragon Age Origins", and stated, "I regret to admit that I’ve become a notorious downloader of pirated movies, series and games etc." (p. 1418, 24, 25)

While he avoided getting drunk due to the priority of his mission, he advocated the use of performance-enhancing drugs to that end, and he did enjoy getting very drunk at a birthday party. (p.&nbsp;1415) He also played video games for pleasure and motivation, such as those in the "World of Warcraft" series and "Dragon Age Origins", and stated, "I regret to admit that I’ve become a notorious downloader of pirated movies, series and games etc." (p.&nbsp;1418, 24, 25)

==Responses==  

==Responses==

The attacks left the world stunned, not only due the number killed in such a manner, but because it happened in Norway, a country seen as relatively peaceful. And which was also due to the murdering being done by a blond haired, green eyed 32-year-old gunman, looking much like a Nordic ideal (he claimed Viking ancestry), who apparently had no criminal record other than traffic violations. Jens Breivik, the father of Anders Behring Breivik, who said his son cut off contact with him in 1995 (Breivik was 15-16 years old), sent his condolences to "all those who have suffered" as a result of the attacks, and said he is in "a complete state of shock and has not recovered".  

The attacks left the world stunned, not only due the number killed in such a manner, but because it happened in Norway, a country seen as relatively peaceful. And which was also due to the murdering being done by a blond haired, green eyed 32-year-old gunman, looking much like a Nordic ideal (he claimed Viking ancestry), who apparently had no criminal record other than traffic violations. Jens Breivik, the father of Anders Behring Breivik, who said his son cut off contact with him in 1995 (Breivik was 15–16 years old), sent his condolences to "all those who have suffered" as a result of the attacks, and said he is in "a complete state of shock and has not recovered".  

Within a day, over 27,000 people signed up via Facebook for a memorial service in Oslo the next day, with numbers increasing rapidly. It was later reported that the whole country was watching the service. "Not a man in sight outside."  

Within a day, over 27,000 people signed up via Facebook for a memorial service in Oslo the next day, with numbers increasing rapidly. It was later reported that the whole country was watching the service. "Not a man in sight outside."  

At the least, liberal journalists charged that Breivik seems to have been motivated by the view of right versus wrong that animates the "Christian worldview," which pits Marxism, multiculturalism, Islam, etc. as enemies of God and truth,<ref>[http://www.religiondispatches.org/dispatches/sarahposner/4934/how_breivik%E2%80%99s_%E2%80%9Ccultural_analysis%E2%80%9D_is_drawn_from_the_%E2%80%9Cchristian_worldview%E2%80%9D/ Sarah Posner, "How Breivik’s “Cultural Analysis” is Drawn from the “Christian Worldview”"]</ref> while the same journalists fight against evangelical Christian faith, traditional morals and those who uphold them as being enemies of liberalism's deleterious social experiment that has cost America and the world greatly in souls, lives and money.<ref>[http://peacebyjesus.witnesstoday.org/RevealingStatistics.html Revealing Statistics: America in Decline; Present Costs of the War against God]</ref>

At the least, liberal journalists charged that Breivik seems to have been motivated by the view of right versus wrong that animates the "Christian worldview," which pits Marxism, multiculturalism, Islam, etc. as enemies of God and truth,<ref>[http://www.religiondispatches.org/dispatches/sarahposner/4934/how_breivik%E2%80%99s_%E2%80%9Ccultural_analysis%E2%80%9D_is_drawn_from_the_%E2%80%9Cchristian_worldview%E2%80%9D/ Sarah Posner, "How Breivik’s “Cultural Analysis” is Drawn from the “Christian Worldview”"]</ref> while the same journalists fight against evangelical Christian faith, traditional morals and those who uphold them as being enemies of liberalism's deleterious social experiment that has cost America and the world greatly in souls, lives and money.<ref>[http://peacebyjesus.witnesstoday.org/RevealingStatistics.html Revealing Statistics: America in Decline; Present Costs of the War against God]</ref>

Others also cite evidence that liberalism is more prone to violence and terrorism.<ref>[http://townhall.com/columnists/johnhawkins/2010/03/16/liberal_violence_five_names_you_should_know/page/full Five names you should know]</ref><ref>http://pushbacknow.net/2011/01/16/history-of-liberal-violence History of liberal violence]</ref>

Others also cite evidence that liberalism is more prone to violence and terrorism.<ref>[http://townhall.com/columnists/johnhawkins/2010/03/16/liberal_violence_five_names_you_should_know/page/full Five names you should know]</ref><ref>[http://pushbacknow.net/2011/01/16/history-of-liberal-violence History of liberal violence]</ref>

In contrast to the overall reaction by Islamic authorities to the acts of Muslim terrorists, the Christian community has been quick to condemn the attacks by Breivik as being contrary to authentic Christianity. Gordon Showell-Rogers, Associate International Director of the World Evangelical Alliance (WEA), stated,  

In contrast to the overall reaction by Islamic authorities to the acts of Muslim terrorists, the Christian community has been quick to condemn the attacks by Breivik as being contrary to authentic Christianity. Gordon Showell-Rogers, Associate International Director of the World Evangelical Alliance (WEA), stated,  

Norwegian minister. Olav Fykse Tveit, head of the World Council of Churches, representing 349 Protestant and Orthodox churches, told The Associated Press in response to the attack, "It's important to say to all Muslims wherever they are, in Europe or elsewhere in the world, that these actions in no way can express what is our Christian faith and our Christian values. It is blasphemous to make that kind of connection." <ref>[http://www.denverpost.com/fdcp?unique=1311801807723 Church's leader calls Norway rampage blasphemous] The Denver Post, 07/25/2011</ref>

Norwegian minister. Olav Fykse Tveit, head of the World Council of Churches, representing 349 Protestant and Orthodox churches, told The Associated Press in response to the attack, "It's important to say to all Muslims wherever they are, in Europe or elsewhere in the world, that these actions in no way can express what is our Christian faith and our Christian values. It is blasphemous to make that kind of connection." <ref>[http://www.denverpost.com/fdcp?unique=1311801807723 Church's leader calls Norway rampage blasphemous] The Denver Post, 07/25/2011</ref>

==See Also==

==See also==

[[Essay: Analysis of the 2011 Oslo terrorist attacks from a Christian perspective]]

[[Essay: Analysis of the 2011 Oslo terrorist attacks from a Christian perspective]]

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{{DEFAULTSORT: Breivik, Anders Behring}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Breivik, Anders Behring}}

[[Category:Norway]]

[[Category:Norway]]

[[Category:Crime]]

[[Category:Crime]]