Changes

The thirty-year-old ''Utah'', which had been converted from an obsolete battleship ten years earlier, received two torpedoes, completely overwhelming her very limited ability to absorb underwater damage. She capsized to port in about ten minutes, coming to rest with her bottom in the air. As ''Utah's'' crew were abandoning ship and swimming through the oily water to Ford Island, they were the target of machine-gun attacks by Japanese planes. Although ten trapped Sailors were later cut free from her upturned hull, about sixty were lost with their ship. ''Utah'' was partially turned upright in 1943-44 but was not further salvaged.

The thirty-year-old ''Utah'', which had been converted from an obsolete battleship ten years earlier, received two torpedoes, completely overwhelming her very limited ability to absorb underwater damage. She capsized to port in about ten minutes, coming to rest with her bottom in the air. As ''Utah's'' crew were abandoning ship and swimming through the oily water to Ford Island, they were the target of machine-gun attacks by Japanese planes. Although ten trapped Sailors were later cut free from her upturned hull, about sixty were lost with their ship. ''Utah'' was partially turned upright in 1943-44 but was not further salvaged.

USS ''Raleigh'' was hit by one torpedo and a bomb. An elderly ''Omaha''-class cruiser, she barely avoided capsizing, but her crew, assisted by a salvage barge and a tug, kept her upright and afloat. Major repairs returned ''Raleigh'' to the active fleet in a a little over a half-year.

USS ''Raleigh'' was hit by one torpedo and a bomb. An elderly ''Omaha''-class cruiser, she barely avoided capsizing, but her crew, assisted by a salvage barge and a tug, kept her upright and afloat. Major repairs returned ''Raleigh'' to the active fleet in a little over a half-year.

Also damaged west of Ford Island was the seaplane tender ''Curtiss'', hit by a crashing enemy dive bomber, plus one bomb and fragments of another during the second wave attack. ''Curtiss'' was also unsuccessfully attacked by a Japanese midget submarine, which fired a torpedo at the seaplane tender and was then promptly sunk by the destroyer ''Monaghan''.

Also damaged west of Ford Island was the seaplane tender ''Curtiss'', hit by a crashing enemy dive bomber, plus one bomb and fragments of another during the second wave attack. ''Curtiss'' was also unsuccessfully attacked by a Japanese midget submarine, which fired a torpedo at the seaplane tender and was then promptly sunk by the destroyer ''Monaghan''.

* Feis, Herbert. ''The Road to Pearl Harbor: The Coming of the War Between the United States and Japan'' (1963), standard diplomatic history

* Feis, Herbert. ''The Road to Pearl Harbor: The Coming of the War Between the United States and Japan'' (1963), standard diplomatic history

* Goldstein, Donald M., and Katherine V. Dillon. ''The Pearl Harbor Papers: Inside the Japanese Plans'' (1999) [http://www.amazon.com/Pearl-Harbor-Papers-Inside-Japanese/dp/1574882228/ref=sr_1_15?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1236891574&sr=1-15 excerpt and text search]

* Goldstein, Donald M., and Katherine V. Dillon. ''The Pearl Harbor Papers: Inside the Japanese Plans'' (1999) [http://www.amazon.com/Pearl-Harbor-Papers-Inside-Japanese/dp/1574882228/ref=sr_1_15?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1236891574&sr=1-15 excerpt and text search]

* Prange, Gordon W. ''At Dawn We Slept''. (1982) , the standard history of the Pearl Harbor attack [http://www.amazon.com/At-Dawn-Slept-Gordon-Prange/dp/0140157344/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1214102682&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]

* Prange, Gordon W. ''At Dawn We Slept''. (1982), the standard history of the Pearl Harbor attack [http://www.amazon.com/At-Dawn-Slept-Gordon-Prange/dp/0140157344/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1214102682&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]

* Wohlstetter, Roberta. ''Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision'' (1962), explains why the U.S. was surprised [http://www.amazon.com/Pearl-Harbor-Decision-Roberta-Wohlstetter/dp/0804705984/ref=sr_1_13?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1236891574&sr=1-13 excerpt and text search]

* Wohlstetter, Roberta. ''Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision'' (1962), explains why the U.S. was surprised [http://www.amazon.com/Pearl-Harbor-Decision-Roberta-Wohlstetter/dp/0804705984/ref=sr_1_13?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1236891574&sr=1-13 excerpt and text search]

* Zimm, Alan. ''Attack on Pearl Harbor: Strategy, Combat, Myths, Deceptions'' (2011), analyzes the attack using US Navy operations research methods; disagrees with the "standard" view that the attack was well-planned and executed [http://www.amazon.com/Attack-Pearl-Harbor-Deceptions-ebook/dp/B004VRW1Z0/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1380570373&sr=8-1]

* Zimm, Alan. ''Attack on Pearl Harbor: Strategy, Combat, Myths, Deceptions'' (2011), analyzes the attack using US Navy operations research methods; disagrees with the "standard" view that the attack was well-planned and executed [http://www.amazon.com/Attack-Pearl-Harbor-Deceptions-ebook/dp/B004VRW1Z0/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1380570373&sr=8-1]