Changes

The '''Third Great Awakening''' was a period of religious activism in American history from the late 1850s to the 1900s. It energized [[pietistic]] or evangelical Protestant denominations<ref> The pietistic or "evangelical" denomonations stressed personal relations with Christ, while the rival [[liturgical]] denominations stressed formal observances.</ref>  and generated a strong sense of social activism, known as the [[Social Gospel]].  It gathered strength from the [[postmillennial]] theology that the Second Coming of Christ would come after mankind had reformed the entire earth. The [[Social Gospel]] Movement gained its force from the Awakening, as did the worldwide missionary movement. New groupings emerged, such as the [[Pentecostalism]], [[Holiness Movement|Holiness]] and [[Church of the Nazarene|Nazarene]] movements.

The '''Third Great Awakening''' was a period of religious activism in American history from the late 1850s to the 1900s. It energized [[pietistic]] or evangelical Protestant denominations<ref>The pietistic or "evangelical" denomonations stressed personal relations with Christ, while the rival [[liturgical]] denominations stressed formal observances.</ref>  and generated a strong sense of social activism, known as the [[Social Gospel]].  It gathered strength from the [[postmillennial]] theology that the Second Coming of Christ would come after mankind had reformed the entire earth. The [[Social Gospel]] Movement gained its force from the Awakening, as did the worldwide missionary movement. New groupings emerged, such as the [[Pentecostalism]], [[Holiness Movement|Holiness]] and [[Church of the Nazarene|Nazarene]] movements.

==Overview==

==Overview==

The awakening in numerous cities in 1858 was interrupted by the [[American Civil War]]. In the South, on the other hand, the Civil War stimulated revivals, especially in General [[Robert E. Lee]]'s army. After the war, [[Dwight Moody]] made revivalism the centerpiece of his activities in Chicago by founding the [[Moody Bible Institute]]. The hymns of [[Ira Sankey]] were especially influential.  

The awakening in numerous cities in 1858 was interrupted by the [[American Civil War]]. In the South, on the other hand, the Civil War stimulated revivals, especially in General [[Robert E. Lee]]'s army. After the war, [[Dwight Moody]] made revivalism the centerpiece of his activities in Chicago by founding the [[Moody Bible Institute]]. The hymns of [[Ira Sankey]] were especially influential.  

The [[Gilded Age]] plutocracy came under harsh attack from the [[Social Gospel]] preachers and with reformers in the [[Progressive Era]]. Historian [[Robert Fogel]] identifies numerous reforms, especially the battles involving child labor, compulsory elementary education and the protection of women from exploitation in factories. <ref>Fogel p 108</ref>  The most powerful force was a crusade for the prohibition of alcohol. The major pietistic Protestant denominations all sponsored growing missionary activities inside the United States and around the world. Colleges associated with denominations rapidly expanded in number, size and quality of curriculum. The [[YMCA]] became a force in many cities, as did denominational youth groups such as the [[Epworth League]] (Methodist) and the [[Walther League]] (Lutheran).

The [[Gilded Age]] plutocracy came under harsh attack from the [[Social Gospel]] preachers and with reformers in the [[Progressive Era]]. Historian [[Robert Fogel]] identifies numerous reforms, especially the battles involving child labor, compulsory elementary education and the protection of women from exploitation in factories.<ref>Fogel p 108</ref>  The most powerful force was a crusade for the prohibition of alcohol. The major pietistic Protestant denominations all sponsored growing missionary activities inside the United States and around the world. Colleges associated with denominations rapidly expanded in number, size and quality of curriculum. The [[YMCA]] became a force in many cities, as did denominational youth groups such as the [[Epworth League]] (Methodist) and the [[Walther League]] (Lutheran).

The [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]] mobilized Protestant women for social crusades against liquor, pornography and prostitution, and sperked the demand for woman suffrage.

The [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]] mobilized Protestant women for social crusades against liquor, pornography and prostitution, and sperked the demand for woman suffrage.

==International impact==

==International impact==

Im (2000) compared the evangelistic method and results of the Third Great Awakening in America with the Korean revivals of 1884-1910. Many techniques of the Second and Third Great Awakenings were transposed from America to Europe, including the circuit-riding system of the Methodists, the Baptist farmer preachers, the campus revivals of the eastern seaboard, the camp meetings in the West, the new measures of [[Charles G. Finney]], the Layman's Prayer Revival, urban mass revivalism of [[D. L. Moody]], and the Student Volunteer Movement.  Im discovered four areas of influence from a comparison and analysis of the two countries' revivals: the establishment of tradition, the adoption of similar emphases, the incorporation of evangelistic methodologies, and the observation of the results of the revivals. The American revivals had a major influence on the Korean revivals, and the American revival tradition and enthusiasm toward missions helped Korean Christians develop their own religious experience and tradition. This tradition has influenced Korean churches even into the 21st century.<ref> Im (2000)</ref>  

Im (2000) compared the evangelistic method and results of the Third Great Awakening in America with the Korean revivals of 1884-1910. Many techniques of the Second and Third Great Awakenings were transposed from America to Europe, including the circuit-riding system of the Methodists, the Baptist farmer preachers, the campus revivals of the eastern seaboard, the camp meetings in the West, the new measures of [[Charles G. Finney]], the Layman's Prayer Revival, urban mass revivalism of [[D. L. Moody]], and the Student Volunteer Movement.  Im discovered four areas of influence from a comparison and analysis of the two countries' revivals: the establishment of tradition, the adoption of similar emphases, the incorporation of evangelistic methodologies, and the observation of the results of the revivals. The American revivals had a major influence on the Korean revivals, and the American revival tradition and enthusiasm toward missions helped Korean Christians develop their own religious experience and tradition. This tradition has influenced Korean churches even into the 21st century.<ref>Im (2000)</ref>  

==Bibliography==

==Bibliography==

* Giggie, John M. "The Third Great Awakening: Religion and the Civil Rights Movement." ''Reviews in American History'' 2005 33(2): 254-262. Issn: 0048-7511 Fulltext: Project Muse  

* Giggie, John M. "The Third Great Awakening: Religion and the Civil Rights Movement." ''Reviews in American History'' 2005 33(2): 254-262. Issn: 0048-7511 Fulltext: Project Muse  

* Hutchison, William R. ''Errand to the World: American Protestant Thought and Foreign Missions.'' (1987).  

* Hutchison, William R. ''Errand to the World: American Protestant Thought and Foreign Missions.'' (1987).  

* Im, Chun Beh.  "A Critical Investigation of the Influence of the Second Great Awakening and Nineteenth-Century Revival on Revivals in Korea (1884-1910)."  PhD dissertation New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary 2000. 200 pp. Citation: DAI 2001 61(10): 4044-A. DA9991964   

* Im, Chun Beh.  "A Critical Investigation of the Influence of the Second Great Awakening and Nineteenth-Century Revival on Revivals in Korea (1884-1910)."  PhD dissertation New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary 2000. 200 pp.&nbsp;Citation: DAI 2001 61(10): 4044-A. DA9991964   

* Jensen, Richard. ''The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888-1896'' (1971)

* Jensen, Richard. ''The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888-1896'' (1971)

*  Keller, Rosemary Skinner, Rosemary Radford Ruether, and Marie Cantlon, eds. ''Encyclopedia of Women And Religion in North America'' (3 vol 2006)  [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0253346851/ref=sib_dp_pt/103-4827826-5463040#reader-link excerpt and text search]

*  Keller, Rosemary Skinner, Rosemary Radford Ruether, and Marie Cantlon, eds. ''Encyclopedia of Women And Religion in North America'' (3 vol 2006)  [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0253346851/ref=sib_dp_pt/103-4827826-5463040#reader-link excerpt and text search]

*  Long, Kathryn Teresa. ''The Revival of 1857-58: Interpreting an American Religious Awakening'' Oxford University Press, 1998 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=80369938 online edition]

*  Long, Kathryn Teresa. ''The Revival of 1857-58: Interpreting an American Religious Awakening'' Oxford University Press, 1998 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=80369938 online edition]

*Luker, Ralph E.  ''The Social Gospel in Black and White American Racial Reform, 1885-1912.'' (1991)[http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-social-gospel-in-black-and-white-american-racial-reform-1885-1912-by-ralph-e-luker.jsp online edition]  

*Luker, Ralph E.  ''The Social Gospel in Black and White American Racial Reform, 1885-1912.'' (1991)[http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-social-gospel-in-black-and-white-american-racial-reform-1885-1912-by-ralph-e-luker.jsp online edition]  

*Luker, Ralph E.  "Liberal Theology and Social Conservatism: a Southern Tradition, 1840-1920." ''Church History'' v 10#2 1981. pp 193-207 p [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=90772519 online edition]

*Luker, Ralph E.  "Liberal Theology and Social Conservatism: a Southern Tradition, 1840-1920." ''Church History'' v 10#2 1981. pp 193–207 p [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=90772519 online edition]

* Marty, Martin E. ''Modern American Religion, Vol. 1: The Irony of It All, 1893-1919'' (1986); ''Modern American Religion. Vol. 2: The Noise of Conflict, 1919-1941'' (1991)

* Marty, Martin E. ''Modern American Religion, Vol. 1: The Irony of It All, 1893-1919'' (1986); ''Modern American Religion. Vol. 2: The Noise of Conflict, 1919-1941'' (1991)

*  Marsden, George M. ''Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth-Century Evangelicalism, 1870-1925'' (1980). very important history [http://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.questia.com/library/book/fundamentalism-and-american-culture-the-shaping-of-twentieth-century-evangelicalism-1870-1925-by-george-m-marsden.jsp&ei=LQkQS8PvMMWNnQfSydHWAw&sa=X&oi=nshc&resnum=1&ct=result&cd=2&ved=0CBEQzgQoAQ&usg=AFQjCNGr1zFMUHXeoK0c3xp3adpCWdjhgw online edition]  

*  Marsden, George M. ''Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth-Century Evangelicalism, 1870-1925'' (1980). very important history [http://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.questia.com/library/book/fundamentalism-and-american-culture-the-shaping-of-twentieth-century-evangelicalism-1870-1925-by-george-m-marsden.jsp&ei=LQkQS8PvMMWNnQfSydHWAw&sa=X&oi=nshc&resnum=1&ct=result&cd=2&ved=0CBEQzgQoAQ&usg=AFQjCNGr1zFMUHXeoK0c3xp3adpCWdjhgw online edition]  

* McClymond, Michael, ed. ''Encyclopedia of Religious Revivals in America.'' (2007). Vol. 1, A–Z: xxxii, 515 pp. Vol. 2, Primary Documents: xx, 663 pp. isbn 0-313-32828-5/set.)

* McClymond, Michael, ed. ''Encyclopedia of Religious Revivals in America.'' (2007). Vol. 1, A–Z: xxxii, 515 pp.&nbsp;Vol. 2, Primary Documents: xx, 663 pp. isbn 0-313-32828-5/set.)

* McLoughlin, William G.  ''Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham'' 1959.   

* McLoughlin, William G.  ''Modern Revivalism: Charles Grandison Finney to Billy Graham'' 1959.   

* McLoughlin, William G. ''Revivals, Awakenings, and Reform: An Essay on Religion and Social Change in America, 1607-1977.'' (1978).   

* McLoughlin, William G. ''Revivals, Awakenings, and Reform: An Essay on Religion and Social Change in America, 1607-1977.'' (1978).   

* [[Third Party System]]

* [[Third Party System]]

[[category:United States History]]

[[Category:United States History]]

[[category:Christian History]]

[[Category:Christian History]]

[[Category:Revivals]]

[[Category:Revivals]]

[[Category:Fundamentalism]]

[[Category:Fundamentalism]]

[[Category:Gilded Age]]

[[Category:Gilded Age]]

[[Category:Religion and Politics]]

[[Category:Religion and Politics]]

[[category:Missionaries]]

[[Category:Missionaries]]