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===Colonial frontier===

===Colonial frontier===

''See also: [[Colonial America]]

{{See also|Colonial America}}

   

   

Before 1700, the frontier was any part of the forested interior of the continent beyond the 10 to 50 mile fringe of existing settlements along the coast.  

Before 1700, the frontier was any part of the forested interior of the continent beyond the 10 to 50 mile fringe of existing settlements along the coast.  

English, French, Spanish and Dutch patterns of expansion and settlement were quite different. Only a few thousand French migrated to Canada; these habitants settled in villages along the St. Lawrence river, building communities that remained stable for long stretches; they did not leapfrog west the way the Americans did.  Although French fur traders ranged widely through the Great Lakes region they seldom settle down.<ref>French settlement in these areas was limited to a few very small villages such as Kaskaskia. Clarence Walworth Alvord, ''The Illinois Country 1673-1818'' (1918)</ref> Likewise, the Dutch set up fur trading posts in the Hudson river valley, followed by large grants of land to rich landowning patroons who brought in tenant farmers who created compact, permanent villages.  They did not push westward. <ref> Arthur G. Adams, ''The Hudson Through the Years'' (1996);  Sung Bok Kim, ''Landlord and Tenant in Colonial New York: Manorial Society, 1664-1775'' (1987)</ref>   

English, French, Spanish and Dutch patterns of expansion and settlement were quite different. Only a few thousand French migrated to Canada; these habitants settled in villages along the St. Lawrence river, building communities that remained stable for long stretches; they did not leapfrog west the way the Americans did.  Although French fur traders ranged widely through the Great Lakes region they seldom settle down.<ref>French settlement in these areas was limited to a few very small villages such as Kaskaskia. Clarence Walworth Alvord, ''The Illinois Country 1673-1818'' (1918)</ref> Likewise, the Dutch set up fur trading posts in the Hudson river valley, followed by large grants of land to rich landowning patroons who brought in tenant farmers who created compact, permanent villages.  They did not push westward.<ref>Arthur G. Adams, ''The Hudson Through the Years'' (1996);  Sung Bok Kim, ''Landlord and Tenant in Colonial New York: Manorial Society, 1664-1775'' (1987)</ref>   

In contrast, the English colonies generally pursued a more systematic policy of widespread settlement of the New World for cultivation and exploitation of the land, a practice that required the application of legal property rights to the new conditions.  The typical English settlements were quite compact and small--under a square mile. Conflict with the Native Americans arose out of political issues, viz. who would rule. Early frontier areas east of the Appalachian Mountains included the Connecticut River valley.<ref> Allan Kulikoff, ''From British Peasants to Colonial American Farmers'' (2000)</ref>  The [[French and Indian Wars]] of the 1760s resulted in a complete victory for the British, who took over the lands west to the Mississippi River. By the early 1770s Americans were moving across the Appalachians into [[Pittsburgh, History before 1800|western Pennsylvania]], Kentucky, Tennessee and Ohio.  

In contrast, the English colonies generally pursued a more systematic policy of widespread settlement of the New World for cultivation and exploitation of the land, a practice that required the application of legal property rights to the new conditions.  The typical English settlements were quite compact and small—under a square mile. Conflict with the Native Americans arose out of political issues, viz. who would rule. Early frontier areas east of the Appalachian Mountains included the Connecticut River valley.<ref>Allan Kulikoff, ''From British Peasants to Colonial American Farmers'' (2000)</ref>  The [[French and Indian Wars]] of the 1760s resulted in a complete victory for the British, who took over the lands west to the Mississippi River. By the early 1770s Americans were moving across the Appalachians into [[Pittsburgh, History before 1800|western Pennsylvania]], Kentucky, Tennessee and Ohio.  

==Early National Era, 1770s-1830s==

==Early National Era, 1770s-1830s==

see [[Second Great Awakening]]

see [[Second Great Awakening]]

==External links==

==External links==

* [http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/TURNER/ Turner Thesis text]

* [http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/TURNER/ Turner Thesis text]

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[[Image:BOONE.JPG|thumb|300px|Heroic image of frontiersman, late 19th century]]

[[Image:BOONE.JPG|thumb|300px|Heroic image of frontiersman, late 19th century]]

==Bibliography==

==Bibliography==