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The word Aton/Aten (''Itn'') is an old Egyptian word meaning a disc, for example for the moon or a mirror; the sun as a heavenly body; a place where solar gods may manifest; or the name of a deity. It is with the latter that we associate it. Aton was a deity in Egypt from the 18th Dynasty onwards. On a scarab of Thutmose IV the Aton is mentioned as a god of battles – “the King fought with the Aton before him…to make the foreigners to be like the [Egyptian] people…in order to serve the Aton forever.” By the time of Amenhotep III the Aton was definitely seen as a god in his own right, and seems to have had a cult of his own by that stage: an official named Penbuy was named “scribe of the treasury of the temple of the Aten”
The word Aton/Aten (''Itn'') is an old Egyptian word meaning a disc, for example for the moon or a mirror; the sun as a heavenly body; a place where solar gods may manifest; or the name of a deity. It is with the latter that we associate it. '''Aton''' was a deity in Egypt from the 18th Dynasty onwards. On a scarab of Thutmose IV the Aton is mentioned as a god of battles – “the King fought with the Aton before him…to make the foreigners to be like the [Egyptian] people…in order to serve the Aton forever.” By the time of Amenhotep III the Aton was definitely seen as a god in his own right, and seems to have had a cult of his own by that stage: an official named Penbuy was named “scribe of the treasury of the temple of the Aten”
The early worship of this deity was not monotheistic in any sense. The famous sun hymn of the brothers Suti and Hor (which may or may not have been the inspiration for [[Akhenaten]]’s sun-hymns) praised [[Amun]] in his form as [[Ra]], [[Kheperi]], [[Harakhte]], [[Khnum]] and [[Aten]]. He was a solar god among other solar gods, but yet (as yet) as important as Ra.
The early worship of this deity was not monotheistic in any sense. The famous sun hymn of the brothers Suti and Hor (which may or may not have been the inspiration for [[Akhenaten]]’s sun-hymns) praised [[Amun]] in his form as [[Ra]], [[Kheperi]], [[Harakhte]], [[Khnum]] and [[Aten]]. He was a solar god among other solar gods, but yet (as yet) as important as Ra.
(Thou) subduest them (for) thy beloved son.<br />
(Thou) subduest them (for) thy beloved son.<br />
Though thou art far away, thy rays are on earth;<br />
Though thou art far away, thy rays are on earth;<br />
Though thou art in their faces, no one knows thy going.<br /><br />
Though thou art in their faces, no one knows thy going.
When thou settest in the western horizon,<br />
When thou settest in the western horizon,<br />
All creeping things, they sting.<br />
All creeping things, they sting.<br />
Darkness is a shroud, and the earth is in stillness,<br />
Darkness is a shroud, and the earth is in stillness,<br />
For he who made them rests in his horizon.<br /><br />
For he who made them rests in his horizon.
At daybreak, when thou arisest on the horizon,<br />
At daybreak, when thou arisest on the horizon,<br />
Washing their bodies, taking (their) clothing,<br />
Washing their bodies, taking (their) clothing,<br />
Their arms are (raised) in praise at thy appearance.<br />
Their arms are (raised) in praise at thy appearance.<br />
All the world, they do their work.<br /><br />
All the world, they do their work.
All beasts are content with their pasturage;<br />
All beasts are content with their pasturage;<br />
For every way is open at thy appearance.<br />
For every way is open at thy appearance.<br />
The fish in the river dart before thy face;<br />
The fish in the river dart before thy face;<br />
Thy rays are in the midst of the great green sea.<br /><br />
Thy rays are in the midst of the great green sea.
Creator of seed in women,<br />
Creator of seed in women,<br />
When thou hast made him his fulfillment within the egg, to break it,<br />
When thou hast made him his fulfillment within the egg, to break it,<br />
He comes forth from the egg to speak at his completed (time);<br />
He comes forth from the egg to speak at his completed (time);<br />
He walks upon his legs when he comes forth from it.<br /><br />
He walks upon his legs when he comes forth from it.
How manifold it is, what thou hast made!<br />
How manifold it is, what thou hast made!<br />
Whilst thou wert alone: All men, cattle, and wild beasts,<br />
Whilst thou wert alone: All men, cattle, and wild beasts,<br />
Whatever is on earth, going upon (its) feet,<br />
Whatever is on earth, going upon (its) feet,<br />
And what is on high, flying with its wings.<br /><br />
And what is on high, flying with its wings.
The countries of Syria and Nubia, the land of Egypt,<br />
The countries of Syria and Nubia, the land of Egypt,<br />
The lord of all of them, wearying (himself) with them,<br />
The lord of all of them, wearying (himself) with them,<br />
The lord of every land, rising for them,<br />
The lord of every land, rising for them,<br />
The Aton of the day, great of majesty.<br /><br />
The Aton of the day, great of majesty.
All distant foreign countries, thou makest their life (also),<br />
All distant foreign countries, thou makest their life (also),<br />
The Nile in heaven, it is for the foreign peoples<br />
The Nile in heaven, it is for the foreign peoples<br />
And for the beasts of every desert that go upon (their) feet;<br />
And for the beasts of every desert that go upon (their) feet;<br />
(While the true) Nile comes from the underworld for Egypt.<br /><br />
(While the true) Nile comes from the underworld for Egypt.
Thy rays suckle every meadow.<br />
Thy rays suckle every meadow.<br />
Cities, towns, fields, road, and river --<br />
Cities, towns, fields, road, and river --<br />
Every eye beholds thee over against them,<br />
Every eye beholds thee over against them,<br />
For thou art the Aton of the day over the earth....<br /><br />
For thou art the Aton of the day over the earth....
Thou are in my heart,<br />
Thou are in my heart,<br />
And there is no other that knows thee<br />
And there is no other that knows thee<br />
Save thy son Nefer-kheperu-Re Wa-en-Re,<br />
Save thy son Nefer-kheperu-Re Wa-en-Re,<br />
For thou hast made him well-versed in thy plans and in thy strength.<br /><br />
For thou hast made him well-versed in thy plans and in thy strength.
The world came into being by thy hand,<br />
The world came into being by thy hand,<br />
(Source: Pritchard, James B., ed., The Ancient Near East - Volume 1: An Anthology of Texts and Pictures, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1958, pp. 227-230.)
(Source: Pritchard, James B., ed., The Ancient Near East - Volume 1: An Anthology of Texts and Pictures, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1958, pp. 227–230.)
[[Category:Paganism]]
[[Category:Paganism]]