Changes

Chief Justice Marshall ruled against him, saying that the Bill of Rights did not apply to the states at all.  The [[United States Constitution]], he said, formed only the federal government; the states had their own constitutions, their own Bill of Rights, and their own amendment processes.  Even when the Constitution did restrict the state governments, it was with relation to Federal powers - by saying, for example, that no state could make treaties by itself.

Chief Justice Marshall ruled against him, saying that the Bill of Rights did not apply to the states at all.  The [[United States Constitution]], he said, formed only the federal government; the states had their own constitutions, their own Bill of Rights, and their own amendment processes.  Even when the Constitution did restrict the state governments, it was with relation to Federal powers - by saying, for example, that no state could make treaties by itself.

Even the restrictions on the states, Marshall continued, proved his point further.  They came right after [[Full_Text_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section._9.|a list of restrictions on Congress's powers]] where Congress was only mentioned in the first point.  Yet they obviously applied just to Congress; in [[Full_Text_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section._10.|the very next section]], states are likewise prohibited from passing [[bills of attainder]] and [[ex post facto laws]].  The Bill of Rights uses the exact same wording:  it mentions Congress at [[Full_Text_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Amendment_I|the beginning]] but never after.  Therefore, he said, it must all apply simply to Congress.

Even the restrictions on the states, Marshall continued, proved his point further.  They came right after [[Full Text of the United States Constitution#Section. 9.|a list of restrictions on Congress's powers]] where Congress was only mentioned in the first point.  Yet they obviously applied just to Congress; in [[Full Text of the United States Constitution#Section. 10.|the very next section]], states are likewise prohibited from passing [[bills of attainder]] and [[ex post facto laws]].  The Bill of Rights uses the exact same wording:  it mentions Congress at [[Full Text of the United States Constitution#Amendment I|the beginning]] but never after.  Therefore, he said, it must all apply simply to Congress.

Therefore, the City of Baltimore could seize Barron's wharf without any restrictions in the US Constitution.  Thus, claiming to have no jurisdiction over the cause, the Court dismissed the case. <ref>[http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0032_0243_ZO.html Full text of Marshall's opinion]</ref>

Therefore, the City of Baltimore could seize Barron's wharf without any restrictions in the US Constitution.  Thus, claiming to have no jurisdiction over the cause, the Court dismissed the case.<ref>[http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0032_0243_ZO.html Full text of Marshall's opinion]</ref>

==Consequences==

==Consequences==