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{{Bible}}

{{Bible}}

[[Biblical criticism]] is any examination of the [[Bible]] for accuracy, authenticity, authorship, dating, or anything else that bears on the Bible's reliability as a [[history|historical]] source against which one might legitimately judge other sources.

'''Biblical criticism''' is any examination of the [[Bible]] for accuracy, authenticity, authorship, dating, or anything else that bears on the Bible's reliability as a [[history|historical]] source against which one might legitimately judge other sources.

The traditions of the last century or more have divided Biblical criticism into two main areas, called the ''higher'' and the ''lower''. While the ''lower'' criticism (including textual criticism) deals with the provenance of the text and the faithfulness of the present text to the lost originals, the ''higher'' criticism deals with the heart of the Bible itself: whether it is, in fact, historical, and if not, exactly how ought one to read it.

The traditions of the last century or more have divided Biblical criticism into two main areas, called the ''higher'' and the ''lower''. While the ''lower'' criticism (including textual criticism) deals with the provenance of the text and the faithfulness of the present text to the lost originals, the ''higher'' criticism deals with the heart of the Bible itself: whether it is, in fact, historical, and if not, exactly how ought one to read it.

=== Biblical criticism understood to support Christian supernatural beliefs ===

=== Biblical criticism understood to support Christian supernatural beliefs ===

The Catholic church gave its approval to some forms of Biblical criticism in its 1943 ''[[Divino Afflante Spiritu|Divino afflante spiritu]]'' issued on the fiftieth anniversary of ''[[Providentissimus Deus]]'', which had actually condemned the use of [[higher criticism]].  Two catholic scholars who help usher in the 1943 and later acceptance were the [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] [[Marie-Joseph Lagrange]] and the [[Jesuit]] [[Augustin Bea]].  Notable Protestant biblical scholars also holding Christian supernatural beliefs include [[Arthur Peake|A. S. Peake]], a member of the [[United Methodist Church]], and [[William Robertson Smith]], a member of the [[Free Church of Scotland]].   <ref> [http://books.google.com/books?id=udr0HQAACAAJ The Oxford Companion to Christian Thought], 2000, [[Oxford University Press]], page 298, ISBN 0-1986-0024-0 </ref>

The Catholic church gave its approval to some forms of Biblical criticism in its 1943 ''[[Divino Afflante Spiritu|Divino afflante spiritu]]'' issued on the fiftieth anniversary of ''[[Providentissimus Deus]]'', which had actually condemned the use of [[higher criticism]].  Two catholic scholars who help usher in the 1943 and later acceptance were the [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] [[Marie-Joseph Lagrange]] and the [[Jesuit]] [[Augustin Bea]].  Notable Protestant biblical scholars also holding Christian supernatural beliefs include [[Arthur Peake|A. S. Peake]], a member of the [[United Methodist Church]], and [[William Robertson Smith]], a member of the [[Free Church of Scotland]].<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=udr0HQAACAAJ The Oxford Companion to Christian Thought], 2000, [[Oxford University Press]], page 298, ISBN 0-1986-0024-0</ref>

== Textual criticism ==

== Textual criticism ==

== See Also ==

== See also ==

* [[Disputed Biblical Translations]]

* [[Disputed Biblical Translations]]