Changes

The '''Book of Tobit''' is found in the books of the [[Septuagint]], the Old Testament accepted as inspired and canonical by the [[Orthodox Church]] in the ''Greek Orthodox Bible'', and found in the books of the Old Testament of the ''[[Vulgate]]'' and included in the canon of inspired scripture by the [[Third Council of Carthage (397)]]. It is included in the canon of the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian Orthodox Bible]]. Since the [[Council of Trent]] it is [[Dogma|dogmatically]] accepted as inspired and canonical by the [[Catholic Church]] in the ''Catholic Bible''—books of the Bible accepted as divinely inspired by the majority of Christian believers in the United States and throughout the world.<ref>The '''Catholic Church''' is the world's largest [[Christianity|Christian]] body comprised of several distinct [https://www.ewtn.com/expert/answers/catholic_rites_and_churches.htm "Rites"]. The [[Catholic Church|Catholic Church (Latin Rite)]] is the largest religious body in the United States, with over 60 million adherents (4 times as large as the second largest church, the Orthodox).<br/>[http://www.pewforum.org/2013/02/13/the-global-catholic-population/ “The Global Catholic Population,” © 2011, Pew Research Center.]<br/>[http://www.adherents.com/largecom/com_romcath.html The Largest Catholic Communities]<br/>

The '''Book of Tobit''' is found in the books of the [[Septuagint]], the Old Testament accepted as inspired and canonical by the [[Orthodox Church]] in the ''Greek Orthodox Bible'', and found in the books of the Old Testament of the ''[[Vulgate]]'' and included in the canon of inspired scripture by the [[Third Council of Carthage (397)]]. It is included in the canon of the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian Orthodox Bible]]. Since the [[Council of Trent]] it is [[dogma]]tically accepted as inspired and canonical by the [[Catholic Church]] in the ''Catholic Bible''—books of the Bible accepted as divinely inspired by the majority of Christian believers in the United States and throughout the world.<ref>The '''Catholic Church''' is the world's largest [[Christianity|Christian]] body comprised of several distinct [https://www.ewtn.com/expert/answers/catholic_rites_and_churches.htm "Rites"]. The [[Catholic Church|Catholic Church (Latin Rite)]] is the largest religious body in the United States, with over 60 million adherents (4 times as large as the second largest church, the Orthodox).<br/>[http://www.pewforum.org/2013/02/13/the-global-catholic-population/ “The Global Catholic Population,” © 2011, Pew Research Center.]<br/>[http://www.adherents.com/largecom/com_romcath.html The Largest Catholic Communities]<br/>

The '''Eastern Orthodox Church''', officially called the '''Orthodox Catholic Church''', and also referred to as the '''[[Orthodox Church]]''' and '''Orthodoxy''', is the second largest [[Christianity|Christian church]] in the world, with an estimated 225–300 million adherents, most of whom live in [[Eastern Europe]], the [[Middle East]], and [[Russia]].<br/>{{cite web |last1=Calivas |first1=Rev. Alciviadis C. |title=The Greek (Eastern) Orthodox Church |publisher=Greek Orthodox Archdiocese Of America |year=1983 |url=http://www.goarch.org/ourfaith/ourfaith7061 |accessdate=7 May 2014 |ref=none }}<br/>{{cite web |last1=Fairchild |first1=Mary |title=Christianity:Basics:Eastern Orthodox Church Denomination |publisher=about.com |url=http://christianity.about.com/od/easternorthodoxy/p/orthodoxprofile.htm |accessdate=22 May 2014 |ref=none }}<br/>{{cite web |title=Christianity |work=Major Branches of Religions Ranked by Number of Adherents |publisher=adherents.com |url=http://www.adherents.com/adh_branches.html#Christianity |accessdate=22 May 2014 |ref=none }}</ref><ref name=Prot>See [http://www.888c.com/worldChristianDenominations.htm Percentage of Christians in Protestant Denominations (29.5%)].</ref>

The '''Eastern Orthodox Church''', officially called the '''Orthodox Catholic Church''', and also referred to as the '''[[Orthodox Church]]''' and '''Orthodoxy''', is the second largest [[Christianity|Christian church]] in the world, with an estimated 225–300 million adherents, most of whom live in [[Eastern Europe]], the [[Middle East]], and [[Russia]].<br/>{{cite web |last1=Calivas |first1=Rev. Alciviadis C. |title=The Greek (Eastern) Orthodox Church |publisher=Greek Orthodox Archdiocese Of America |year=1983 |url=http://www.goarch.org/ourfaith/ourfaith7061 |accessdate=7 May 2014 |ref=none }}<br/>{{cite web |last1=Fairchild |first1=Mary |title=Christianity:Basics:Eastern Orthodox Church Denomination |publisher=about.com |url=http://christianity.about.com/od/easternorthodoxy/p/orthodoxprofile.htm |accessdate=22 May 2014 |ref=none }}<br/>{{cite web |title=Christianity |work=Major Branches of Religions Ranked by Number of Adherents |publisher=adherents.com |url=http://www.adherents.com/adh_branches.html#Christianity |accessdate=22 May 2014 |ref=none }}</ref><ref name=Prot>See [http://www.888c.com/worldChristianDenominations.htm Percentage of Christians in Protestant Denominations (29.5%)].</ref>

The reference to Achiacharus (Aḥiḳar) in 14:10 introduces new perplexities into the question of the origin of the book. But here the reference is merely an illustration, drawn from an Aḥiḳar story; the allusion is scarcely organically connected with the story of Tobit. The book makes Tobit a relative of Ahiqar, a noted hero of ancient Near Eastern wisdom literature and folklore, enhancing his status for the reader.  

The reference to Achiacharus (Aḥiḳar) in 14:10 introduces new perplexities into the question of the origin of the book. But here the reference is merely an illustration, drawn from an Aḥiḳar story; the allusion is scarcely organically connected with the story of Tobit. The book makes Tobit a relative of Ahiqar, a noted hero of ancient Near Eastern wisdom literature and folklore, enhancing his status for the reader.  

The original form of the book may have told simply how a pious man, doing his duty, came safe out of trouble. Many literary critics see the author of the Book of Tobit as having borrowed elements of the popular folk story of the '''grateful dead''', but not all agree. The Grateful Dead  (or grateful ghost) is a folktale found in many cultures throughout the world. The most common form of the story involves a traveler who encounters a corpse of someone who never received a proper burial, often because of an unpaid debt.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9037771/grateful-dead#23476.hook Encyclopædia Britannica: Grateful dead.]</ref> The traveler then either pays off the dead person's debt or pays for burial. The traveler is later rewarded or is saved from death by a person or animal who is actually the soul of the dead person. The "grateful dead" story is Aarne-Thompson-Uther type 505.<ref> [http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/type0505.html D.L. Ashliman. The Grateful Dead: folktales of Aarne-Thompson-Uther type 505.]</ref> The episode of Sarah and Asmodeus appears to many to be a separate story, here skilfully combined with the tale of the grateful dead. In contrast to the pagan folklore which literary critics suggest as a source utilized by the biblical author, the Book of Tobit is not presented as a "ghost" story, but introduces the archangel Raphael as the spirit sent by God as helper and prophet. According to literary criticism, the advisory discourses in chapter 4 (which is greatly abbreviated in the Sinaitic text) and in chapter 12 read as insertions of an editor, not as part of the original text, but this is not as readily apparent to all readers as some have chosen to believe. For the ethical tone see especially 4:15, 16, and for the religious ideas, 12:8. The wisdom expressed in the book is comparable to Proverbs, Ecclesiasticus (Sirach), Daniel, and Ecclesiastes.

The original form of the book may have told simply how a pious man, doing his duty, came safe out of trouble. Many literary critics see the author of the Book of Tobit as having borrowed elements of the popular folk story of the '''grateful dead''', but not all agree. The Grateful Dead  (or grateful ghost) is a folktale found in many cultures throughout the world. The most common form of the story involves a traveler who encounters a corpse of someone who never received a proper burial, often because of an unpaid debt.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9037771/grateful-dead#23476.hook Encyclopædia Britannica: Grateful dead.]</ref> The traveler then either pays off the dead person's debt or pays for burial. The traveler is later rewarded or is saved from death by a person or animal who is actually the soul of the dead person. The "grateful dead" story is Aarne-Thompson-Uther type 505.<ref>[http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/type0505.html D.L. Ashliman. The Grateful Dead: folktales of Aarne-Thompson-Uther type 505.]</ref> The episode of Sarah and Asmodeus appears to many to be a separate story, here skilfully combined with the tale of the grateful dead. In contrast to the pagan folklore which literary critics suggest as a source utilized by the biblical author, the Book of Tobit is not presented as a "ghost" story, but introduces the archangel Raphael as the spirit sent by God as helper and prophet. According to literary criticism, the advisory discourses in chapter 4 (which is greatly abbreviated in the Sinaitic text) and in chapter 12 read as insertions of an editor, not as part of the original text, but this is not as readily apparent to all readers as some have chosen to believe. For the ethical tone see especially 4:15, 16, and for the religious ideas, 12:8. The wisdom expressed in the book is comparable to Proverbs, Ecclesiasticus (Sirach), Daniel, and Ecclesiastes.

Most likely written in Aramaic,<ref>Several portions of the Old Testament books apparently were originally written in Aramaic, not Hebrew: Genesis, Ezra, Jeremiah, Daniel, and others. See [http://www.studylight.org/language-studies/aramaic-thoughts/index.cgi?a=189 Aramaic Thoughts: Aramaic and the Old Testament]</ref> the original of the book was lost for centuries. Fragments of four Aramaic texts and of one Hebrew text were discovered in Qumran Cave 4 in 1952 and have only recently been published. As with all ancient texts discovered in the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Hebrew was in consonantal form only. These Semitic forms of the book substantially agree with the long Greek recension of Tobit found in Codex Sinaiticus, recovered only in 1844 from St. Catherine’s Monastery (Mount Sinai), and in manuscripts 319 and 910. Two other Greek forms of Tobit have long been known: the short recension, found mainly in manuscripts Alexandrinus, Vaticanus, Venetus, and numerous cursive manuscripts; and an intermediate Greek recension, in manuscripts 44, 106, 107. The Book of Tobit has been known also from two Latin versions: the long recension in the Vetus Latina, closely related to the long Greek recension and sometimes even closer to the Aramaic and Hebrew texts than the Greek; and the short recension in the Vulgate, related to the short Greek recension. The present English translation in modern Bibles has been based mainly on Sinaiticus, which is the most complete form of the long Greek recension, despite two [http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/lacuna lacunae] (4:7–19b and 13:6i–10b) and some missing phrases, which make succeeding verses difficult to understand, making it necessary to supplement Sinaiticus from the Vetus Latina or from the short Greek recension. Occasionally, phrases or words have been drawn from the Aramaic or Hebrew texts, when they are significantly different. Forms of the Book of Tobit are also extant in ancient Arabic, Armenian, Coptic (Sahidic), Ethiopic, and Syriac, but these are almost all secondarily derived from the short Greek recension, and as such do not adequately represent the original text. The recent discovery of five scrolls of Tobit (4QTob) in both Hebrew and Aramaic among the Dead Sea Scrolls in Cave IV of Qumran has given the book renewed attention.

Most likely written in Aramaic,<ref>Several portions of the Old Testament books apparently were originally written in Aramaic, not Hebrew: Genesis, Ezra, Jeremiah, Daniel, and others. See [http://www.studylight.org/language-studies/aramaic-thoughts/index.cgi?a=189 Aramaic Thoughts: Aramaic and the Old Testament]</ref> the original of the book was lost for centuries. Fragments of four Aramaic texts and of one Hebrew text were discovered in Qumran Cave 4 in 1952 and have only recently been published. As with all ancient texts discovered in the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Hebrew was in consonantal form only. These Semitic forms of the book substantially agree with the long Greek recension of Tobit found in Codex Sinaiticus, recovered only in 1844 from St. Catherine’s Monastery (Mount Sinai), and in manuscripts 319 and 910. Two other Greek forms of Tobit have long been known: the short recension, found mainly in manuscripts Alexandrinus, Vaticanus, Venetus, and numerous cursive manuscripts; and an intermediate Greek recension, in manuscripts 44, 106, 107. The Book of Tobit has been known also from two Latin versions: the long recension in the Vetus Latina, closely related to the long Greek recension and sometimes even closer to the Aramaic and Hebrew texts than the Greek; and the short recension in the Vulgate, related to the short Greek recension. The present English translation in modern Bibles has been based mainly on Sinaiticus, which is the most complete form of the long Greek recension, despite two [http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/lacuna lacunae] (4:7–19b and 13:6i–10b) and some missing phrases, which make succeeding verses difficult to understand, making it necessary to supplement Sinaiticus from the Vetus Latina or from the short Greek recension. Occasionally, phrases or words have been drawn from the Aramaic or Hebrew texts, when they are significantly different. Forms of the Book of Tobit are also extant in ancient Arabic, Armenian, Coptic (Sahidic), Ethiopic, and Syriac, but these are almost all secondarily derived from the short Greek recension, and as such do not adequately represent the original text. The recent discovery of five scrolls of Tobit (4QTob) in both Hebrew and Aramaic among the Dead Sea Scrolls in Cave IV of Qumran has given the book renewed attention.

The picture of religious life given in Tobit (especially the devotion to ritual details) indicates a date post-Ezra for the book. The special significance attached to almsgiving (4:10; 12:8, 9) is identical with the idea in Ecclesiasticus (Sirach) 3:30 (compare also Proverbs 10:2), and the injunction in 4:17, "''Pour out thy bread on the burial of the just, but give nothing to the wicked''", is given repeated import in Ecclesiasticus (Sirach) 12:4-5. The prediction in 14:5, "''the house of God will be rebuilt there with a glorious building for all generations forever''", implies a period after the building of the Second Temple, and, apparently, just before the commencement of Herod's Temple. The prominence given to the duty of burying the outcast slain (the survival of a very ancient conception) seems to point to a time when the Jews were slaughtered by foreign enemies, for example, by Antiochus or Hadrian. The necessity of marrying within the kin, endogamy, was recognized during a very long period in Jewish history and does not define the date precisely. Polycarp's saying "Almsgiving delivers from death," ("Ad Phil. 10", ''To the Philippians'' 10), does not prove that he was acquainted with Tobit, since this may have been his reading or understanding of Proverbs 10:2 . There is no Messianic hope expressed in the book. The more probable view is that it was composed between 200 and 50 B.C. If the original language was Hebrew, the place was Palestine; if it was Greek, it was Egypt; but this point, too, must be left undecided.

The picture of religious life given in Tobit (especially the devotion to ritual details) indicates a date post-Ezra for the book. The special significance attached to almsgiving (4:10; 12:8, 9) is identical with the idea in Ecclesiasticus (Sirach) 3:30 (compare also Proverbs 10:2), and the injunction in 4:17, "''Pour out thy bread on the burial of the just, but give nothing to the wicked''", is given repeated import in Ecclesiasticus (Sirach) 12:4-5. The prediction in 14:5, "''the house of God will be rebuilt there with a glorious building for all generations forever''", implies a period after the building of the Second Temple, and, apparently, just before the commencement of Herod's Temple. The prominence given to the duty of burying the outcast slain (the survival of a very ancient conception) seems to point to a time when the Jews were slaughtered by foreign enemies, for example, by Antiochus or Hadrian. The necessity of marrying within the kin, endogamy, was recognized during a very long period in Jewish history and does not define the date precisely. Polycarp's saying "Almsgiving delivers from death," ("Ad Phil. 10", ''To the Philippians'' 10), does not prove that he was acquainted with Tobit, since this may have been his reading or understanding of Proverbs 10:2 . There is no Messianic hope expressed in the book. The more probable view is that it was composed between 200 and 50 B.C. If the original language was Hebrew, the place was Palestine; if it was Greek, it was Egypt; but this point, too, must be left undecided.

Most scholars agree that Tobit was written some time around the year 200 B.C. For example, J.A. Fitzmyer,<ref>J.A. Fitzmyer, Tobit. ''Commentaries on Early Jewish Literature''), Berlin-New York 2003, 51</ref> G. Toloni.<ref>G. Toloni, ''L’originale del libro di Tobia''. ''Studio filologico-linguistico'', Madrid 2004, 153-157.</ref> Fitzmyer uses the five Qumran fragments of Tobit (4QTob 196-200, also numbered 4QTob a-e) to determine the ''terminus ad quem'' (the final limiting point in time) for the book, which he sets at the first century B.C. The ''terminus a quo'' (the first point in time) for the book would be the fourth century B.C., due to the book’s reference to the prophets as canonical (Tobit 14:4), the use of the phrase "book of Moses" or "law of Moses" in Tobit 6:13; 7:11-13 (echoing the late post-exilic passages of 2 Chronicles 23:18; 25:4; 30:16), and the lack of a reference to the Antiochan persecution and Maccabean revolt.<ref>"lack of reference to the Antiochan persecution and Maccabean revolt."<br/>—An 8th century setting in the Book of Tobit would normally preclude any anachronistic literary reference by the writer to events of the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C.. For example, ''Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ'', a novel by General Lew Wallace, published by Harper & Brothers on November 12, 1880, is set in A.D. 1st century Palestine, but was written towards the end of the 19th-century by a retired Civil War general, and he makes no reference to the oppression of the Jews in Palestine by the Turkish Ottoman Empire preceding the controversial land purchases there in the beginning of 1880 (see [http://wordfromjerusalem.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/the-case-for-israel-appendix2.pdf Land Ownership in Palestine, 1880-1948 by Moshe Aumann] ). It is absurd and naive to expect the author and/or editor(s) of the Book of Tobit, a story set in the 8th century B.C., to mention the oppression by Antiochus and the Maccabean revolt, regardless of when it was written.</ref> On the other hand, C. Moore <ref>C. Moore ''Tobit: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary'', Anchor Yale Bible Commentary, Vol. 40A, Garden City 1996, 40-41.</ref> claims that many of these reasons constitute nothing more than an argument from silence. But Moore also admits that the most likely dating for the book is somewhere between the 4th and 2nd centuries B.C..<ref>ARTICOLI RB 2-2009_129-244_I bozza.qxd 25-08-2009 10:09 Pagina 129.</ref>   

Most scholars agree that Tobit was written some time around the year 200 B.C. For example, J.A. Fitzmyer,<ref>J.A. Fitzmyer, Tobit. ''Commentaries on Early Jewish Literature''), Berlin-New York 2003, 51</ref> G. Toloni.<ref>G. Toloni, ''L’originale del libro di Tobia''. ''Studio filologico-linguistico'', Madrid 2004, 153-157.</ref> Fitzmyer uses the five Qumran fragments of Tobit (4QTob 196-200, also numbered 4QTob a-e) to determine the ''terminus ad quem'' (the final limiting point in time) for the book, which he sets at the first century B.C. The ''terminus a quo'' (the first point in time) for the book would be the fourth century B.C., due to the book’s reference to the prophets as canonical (Tobit 14:4), the use of the phrase "book of Moses" or "law of Moses" in Tobit 6:13; 7:11-13 (echoing the late post-exilic passages of 2 Chronicles 23:18; 25:4; 30:16), and the lack of a reference to the Antiochan persecution and Maccabean revolt.<ref>"lack of reference to the Antiochan persecution and Maccabean revolt."<br/>—An 8th century setting in the Book of Tobit would normally preclude any anachronistic literary reference by the writer to events of the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C.. For example, ''Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ'', a novel by General Lew Wallace, published by Harper & Brothers on November 12, 1880, is set in A.D. 1st century Palestine, but was written towards the end of the 19th-century by a retired Civil War general, and he makes no reference to the oppression of the Jews in Palestine by the Turkish Ottoman Empire preceding the controversial land purchases there in the beginning of 1880 (see [http://wordfromjerusalem.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/the-case-for-israel-appendix2.pdf Land Ownership in Palestine, 1880-1948 by Moshe Aumann] ). It is absurd and naive to expect the author and/or editor(s) of the Book of Tobit, a story set in the 8th century B.C., to mention the oppression by Antiochus and the Maccabean revolt, regardless of when it was written.</ref> On the other hand, C. Moore <ref>C. Moore ''Tobit: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary'', Anchor Yale Bible Commentary, Vol. 40A, Garden City 1996, 40-41.</ref> claims that many of these reasons constitute nothing more than an argument from silence. But Moore also admits that the most likely dating for the book is somewhere between the 4th and 2nd centuries B.C.<ref>ARTICOLI RB 2-2009_129-244_I bozza.qxd 25-08-2009 10:09 Pagina 129.</ref>   

==The message==

==The message==

==External links==

==External links==

[http://www.scripturecatholic.com/septuagint.html Septuagint Quotes in the New Testament]

* [http://www.scripturecatholic.com/septuagint.html Septuagint Quotes in the New Testament]

 

* [http://alwaysproventrue.com/tag/why-did-martin-luther-remove-the-book-of-tobit-from-the-bible/ Always Proven True. Sep 7, 2008 Post: Why Did Martin Luther Remove the Book of Tobit from the Bible?] (alwaysproventrue.com)

[http://alwaysproventrue.com/tag/why-did-martin-luther-remove-the-book-of-tobit-from-the-bible/ Always Proven True. Sep 7, 2008 Post: Why Did Martin Luther Remove the Book of Tobit from the Bible?] (alwaysproventrue.com)

* [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUAuAAAAYAAJ The Table Talk of Martin Luther, by Martin Luther, ‎translated by William Hazlitt, ‎Alexander Chalmers. Bell & Daldy, 1872] - Google Books. '''Text''' - Pages 11ff: [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUAuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=martin+luther+on+the+book+of+tobit&source=bl&ots=o2f-OKNJ-o&sig=5MZGMESkbOJ8dolgJQus3TiEjQw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=faSVVKKBC4amyQSg5IKwBA&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=martin%20luther%20on%20the%20book%20of%20tobit&f=false]

 

* [http://www.scborromeo.org/papers/luther.pdf Luther and the Canon of the Bible] (scborromeo.org)

[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUAuAAAAYAAJ The Table Talk of Martin Luther, by Martin Luther, ‎translated by William Hazlitt, ‎Alexander Chalmers. Bell & Daldy, 1872] - Google Books. '''Text''' - Pages 11ff: [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUAuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=martin+luther+on+the+book+of+tobit&source=bl&ots=o2f-OKNJ-o&sig=5MZGMESkbOJ8dolgJQus3TiEjQw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=faSVVKKBC4amyQSg5IKwBA&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=martin%20luther%20on%20the%20book%20of%20tobit&f=false]

* [http://matt1618.freeyellow.com/cloud.html Refuting an Attack on the Deuterocanonicals. A Response to 11 ‘reasons’ that the Deuterocanonicals Should be Thrown Out of the Bible, By Matt1618. Introduction] (matt1618.freeyellow.com)

 

* [http://www.bible.ca/catholic-apocrypha.htm Roman Catholic and Orthodox Faith Examined, and The Apocrypha: "Reasons why the Apocrypha does NOT belong in the Bible!"] (bible.ca)

[http://www.scborromeo.org/papers/luther.pdf Luther and the Canon of the Bible] (scborromeo.org)

* [http://carm.org/why-apocrypha-not-in-bible CARM Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry: Reasons why the Apocrypha does not belong in the Bible, by Ryan Turner] (carm.org)

 

* [http://matt1618.freeyellow.com/chapter2.html Reasoning From the Scriptures with Ron Rhodes Critique of Chapter 2, Does the Apocrypha Belong in the Bible?, by Matt1618]

[http://matt1618.freeyellow.com/cloud.html Refuting an Attack on the Deuterocanonicals. A Response to 11 ‘reasons’ that the Deuterocanonicals Should be Thrown Out of the Bible, By Matt1618. Introduction] (matt1618.freeyellow.com)

* [http://www.wmcarey.edu/browning/Classes/HOB/BibleD-OTText.pdf The Old Testament Text. (wmcarey.edu/browning/Classes)]

 

* [http://www.usccb.org/bible/scripture.cfm?bk=Tobit&ch Tobit — introduction] (usccb.org)

[http://www.bible.ca/catholic-apocrypha.htm Roman Catholic and Orthodox Faith Examined, and The Apocrypha: "Reasons why the Apocrypha does NOT belong in the Bible!"] (bible.ca)

* [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14422-tobit-book-of Jewish Encyclopedia: Tobit, book of] (jewishencyclopedia.com)

 

* [http://biblescripture.net/Tobias.html The Book of Tobit or Tobias] (biblescripture.net) —includes text of Tobit from the Douay-Rheims Bible.

[http://carm.org/why-apocrypha-not-in-bible CARM Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry: Reasons why the Apocrypha does not belong in the Bible, by Ryan Turner] (carm.org)

* [http://www.ccel.org/a/anonymous/kjv-apoc/Tobit/index.html Tobit. List of chapter summaries with links to text of 1611 KJV.]

 

* [http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bcp/formatted_1979.htm The 1979 U. S. Book of Common Prayer: Formatted]

[http://matt1618.freeyellow.com/chapter2.html Reasoning From the Scriptures with Ron Rhodes Critique of Chapter 2, Does the Apocrypha Belong in the Bible?, by Matt1618]

* [http://www.foryourmarriage.org/old-testament-readings/ Old Testament Readings For Your Marriage] (foryourmarriage.org)

 

* [http://www.academia.edu/1460532/A_Match_Made_in_Heaven_Gods_Role_in_Marriage_according_to_the_Book_of_Tobit A Match Made in Heaven? God’s Role in Marriage According to the Book of Tobit]

[http://www.wmcarey.edu/browning/Classes/HOB/BibleD-OTText.pdf The Old Testament Text. (wmcarey.edu/browning/Classes)]

* [http://www.ellopos.net/elpenor/greek-texts/septuagint/default.asp Greek and English Septuagint] <br/> [http://vulgate.org/ Latin and English Vulgate]<br/>[http://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Apocrypha-Books/ Kings James Apocrypha Online]

 

[http://www.usccb.org/bible/scripture.cfm?bk=Tobit&ch Tobit — introduction] (usccb.org)

 

[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14422-tobit-book-of Jewish Encyclopedia: Tobit, book of] (jewishencyclopedia.com)

 

[http://biblescripture.net/Tobias.html The Book of Tobit or Tobias] (biblescripture.net) —includes text of Tobit from the Douay-Rheims Bible.

 

[http://www.ccel.org/a/anonymous/kjv-apoc/Tobit/index.html Tobit. List of chapter summaries with links to text of 1611 KJV.]

 

[http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bcp/formatted_1979.htm The 1979 U. S. Book of Common Prayer: Formatted]

 

[http://www.foryourmarriage.org/old-testament-readings/ Old Testament Readings For Your Marriage] (foryourmarriage.org)

 

[http://www.academia.edu/1460532/A_Match_Made_in_Heaven_Gods_Role_in_Marriage_according_to_the_Book_of_Tobit A Match Made in Heaven? God’s Role in Marriage According to the Book of Tobit]

 

[http://www.ellopos.net/elpenor/greek-texts/septuagint/default.asp Greek and English Septuagint] <br/> [http://vulgate.org/ Latin and English Vulgate]<br/>[http://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Apocrypha-Books/ Kings James Apocrypha Online]

[[Category:Apocrypha]]

[[Category:Apocrypha]]