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[[Image:CO2.gif|thumb|left|150px|The bonds of Carbon Dioxide]]
[[Image:CO2.gif|thumb|left|150px|The bonds of Carbon Dioxide]]
'''Carbon dioxide''' (CO<sub>2</sub>) is an odorless, colorless [[gas]] formed by the [[oxidation]] of [[hydrocarbon]]s, both naturally, in animals, and artificially, as fuel<ref>If not enough oxygen is present, [[carbon monoxide]] will also be produced, in a process called [[incomplete combustion]].</ref>.
'''Carbon dioxide''' (CO<sub>2</sub>) is an odorless, colorless [[gas]] formed by the [[oxidation]] of [[hydrocarbon]]s, both naturally, in animals, and artificially, as fuel.<ref>If not enough oxygen is present, [[carbon monoxide]] will also be produced, in a process called [[incomplete combustion]].</ref>
It is used by [[plants]] in the process of [[photosynthesis]] to create complex carbohydrates ([[cellulose]] and [[sugar]]s), using water and the [[energy]] from [[sunlight]]. The waste product in this process is [[oxygen]].
It is used by [[plants]] in the process of [[photosynthesis]] to create complex carbohydrates ([[cellulose]] and [[sugar]]s), using water and the [[energy]] from [[sunlight]]. The waste product in this process is [[oxygen]].
It is one of the [[human]] body's major waste products, being excreted through exhalation (breathing).
It is one of the [[human]] body's major waste products, being excreted through exhalation (breathing).
The [[Lewis structure]] indicates it has two double bonds,
The [[Lewis structure]] indicates it has two double bonds,
At room temperature and atmospheric [[pressure]], carbon dioxide is a gas. It becomes solid at -78 ºC at standard atmospheric pressure, forming [[dry ice]]. When it thaws, it turns directly into a gas again (called [[sublimation]]). <ref>"Dry ice is frozen carbon dioxide. A block of dry ice has a surface temperature of -109.3 degrees Fahrenheit (-78.5 degrees C). Dry ice also has the very nice feature of sublimation -- as it breaks down, it turns directly into carbon dioxide gas rather than a liquid." [http://www.howstuffworks.com/question264.htm How Stuff Works] </ref> This can be seen from the phase diagram to the right, where at 1 atmosphere of pressure, there is no liquid state separating the solid and gas as temperature rises.
At room temperature and atmospheric [[pressure]], carbon dioxide is a gas. It becomes solid at -78 °C at standard atmospheric pressure, forming [[dry ice]]. When it thaws, it turns directly into a gas again (called [[sublimation]]).<ref>"Dry ice is frozen carbon dioxide. A block of dry ice has a surface temperature of -109.3 degrees Fahrenheit (-78.5 degrees C). Dry ice also has the very nice feature of sublimation -- as it breaks down, it turns directly into carbon dioxide gas rather than a liquid." [http://www.howstuffworks.com/question264.htm How Stuff Works]</ref> This can be seen from the phase diagram to the right, where at 1 atmosphere of pressure, there is no liquid state separating the solid and gas as temperature rises.
==Carbon Dioxide and Atmospheric Temperature==
==Carbon Dioxide and Atmospheric Temperature==