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[[Causation]] is a basic concept in [[philosophy]] and [[law]], and even [[quantum mechanics]] in [[physics]]. Causation is often confused with [[correlation]]; see an [[correlation is not causation|explanation]].

'''Causation''' is a basic concept in [[philosophy]] and [[law]], and even [[quantum mechanics]] in [[physics]]. Causation is often confused with [[correlation]]; see an [[correlation is not causation|explanation]].

== Law ==

== Law ==

Under the [[common law]] of torts, in order to establish [[causation]], a [[plaintiff]] must prove that an actor's conduct "is a substantial factor in bringing about the harm." 2 Restatement (Second) of Torts § 431(a) at 428 (1965). That standard has two dimensions.  

Under the [[common law]] of torts, in order to establish causation, a [[plaintiff]] must prove that an actor's conduct "is a substantial factor in bringing about the harm." 2 Restatement (Second) of Torts § 431(a) at 428 (1965). That standard has two dimensions.  

First, the evidence must create an inference that the harm would not have occurred in the absence of the actor's conduct. Id. § 431 cmt. a at 429. That showing is commonly referred to as "but-for causation."

First, the evidence must create an inference that the harm would not have occurred in the absence of the actor's conduct. Id. § 431 cmt. a at 429. That showing is commonly referred to as "but-for causation."

Thus, both but-for and proximate cause are required to establish causation.

Thus, both but-for and proximate cause are required to establish causation.

[[category:philosophy]]

[[Category:Philosophy]]

[[Category:Legal Terms]]

[[Category:Legal Terms]]