Changes

A [[Bernard Lewis]] has noted, there were episodes when the non-Muslim minorities endured serious discrimination and repression, such as the [[Armenian Genocide]] of 1890-1918. Persecution in the form of forced conversion or expulsion, though not unknown, was rare in the Muslim world. The Jewish and Christian subjects of the [[Ottoman Empire]] were reasonably safe as long as they were seen to respect the terms of the dhimma and did not attempt to exceed the status that it assigned to them. This kind of tolerance - enjoined by religion, enforced by law, endorsed by public opinion - worked well for centuries. It collapsed in the 19th centuries as ethnic nationalism broke up the Ottoman Empire.

A [[Bernard Lewis]] has noted, there were episodes when the non-Muslim minorities endured serious discrimination and repression, such as the [[Armenian Genocide]] of 1890-1918. Persecution in the form of forced conversion or expulsion, though not unknown, was rare in the Muslim world. The Jewish and Christian subjects of the [[Ottoman Empire]] were reasonably safe as long as they were seen to respect the terms of the dhimma and did not attempt to exceed the status that it assigned to them. This kind of tolerance - enjoined by religion, enforced by law, endorsed by public opinion - worked well for centuries. It collapsed in the 19th centuries as ethnic nationalism broke up the Ottoman Empire.

==see also==

==See also==

* [[Pact of Umar]]

* [[Pact of Umar]]