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Justice Black's opinion was remarkable for citing only one [[precedent]], establishing a modern record for lack of judicial authority. His sole citation of precedent was to an opinion he himself had written, ''[[Everson v. Board of Education]]'', and it was for the purpose of referencing some historical material included in that decision rather than for its holding.
Justice Black's opinion was remarkable for citing only one [[precedent]], establishing a modern record for lack of judicial authority. His sole citation of precedent was to an opinion he himself had written, ''[[Everson v. Board of Education]]'', and it was for the purpose of referencing some historical material included in that decision rather than for its holding.
In addition, America’s morality has declined as a [[causal association|consequence]]. Since the banning of school prayer, there have been a 225 percent increase in amount of children without fathers, a 343 percent rise in illegitimate births, and a 454% enlargement in the violent crime rate. <ref>[http://www.columbia.edu/cu/augustine/arch/usadecline.html Quantifying America's Decline]</ref> These data are taken from the Index of Leading Cultural Indicators, which in turn relies on statistical data collected since 1960.
In addition, America’s morality has declined as a [[causal association|consequence]]. Since the banning of school prayer, there have been a 225 percent increase in amount of children without fathers, a 343 percent rise in illegitimate births, and a 454% enlargement in the violent crime rate.<ref>[http://www.columbia.edu/cu/augustine/arch/usadecline.html Quantifying America's Decline]</ref> These data are taken from the Index of Leading Cultural Indicators, which in turn relies on statistical data collected since 1960.
Erwin Griswold, a former Dean of the Harvard Law School, criticized this ruling. Griswold said in a speech that the Court had no authority to prohibit prayer in public school:<ref>''Washington Star'' (Mar. 3, 1963)</ref>
Erwin Griswold, a former Dean of the Harvard Law School, criticized this ruling. Griswold said in a speech that the Court had no authority to prohibit prayer in public school:<ref>''Washington Star'' (Mar. 3, 1963)</ref>