Changes

*[[Lord Kelvin]] claiming heavier than air flight, radio, and radioactivity were impossible.<ref>http://zimmer.csufresno.edu/~fringwal/stoopid.lis</ref>

*[[Lord Kelvin]] claiming heavier than air flight, radio, and radioactivity were impossible.<ref>http://zimmer.csufresno.edu/~fringwal/stoopid.lis</ref>

*Opposition by 19th century European doctors to [[Ignaz Semmelweiss]]'s discovery that invisible "particles" were transmitting disease and killing patients in a Vienna hospital.<ref> An 1856 publication in a prominent Viennese medical periodical, Viennese Medical Weekly, by Jozsef Fleischer, a student of Semmelweis, showed success of chlorine washings.  However, the editor for the periodical wrote at the end of the report “We believe that this chlorine-washing theory has long outlived its usefulness.  The experiences and statistical results of most maternity institutions protest against the views presented above. ... [http://exp-platform.com/semmelweisReflex.aspx The Semmelweiss Reflex]</ref>

*Opposition by 19th century European doctors to [[Ignaz Semmelweiss]]'s discovery that invisible "particles" were transmitting disease and killing patients in a Vienna hospital.<ref>An 1856 publication in a prominent Viennese medical periodical, Viennese Medical Weekly, by Jozsef Fleischer, a student of Semmelweis, showed success of chlorine washings.  However, the editor for the periodical wrote at the end of the report “We believe that this chlorine-washing theory has long outlived its usefulness.  The experiences and statistical results of most maternity institutions protest against the views presented above. ... [http://exp-platform.com/semmelweisReflex.aspx The Semmelweiss Reflex]</ref>

*[[Albert Einstein]] thought [[nuclear power]] would never be commercially viable.

*[[Albert Einstein]] thought [[nuclear power]] would never be commercially viable.

*Opposition by experts to the United States Patent Office, because supposedly everything useful has been invented.<ref>This opposition can be found in many forms, from weakening the strength of patents by small inventors today to repetition of a quote attributed to Charles Duell, Commissioner of the Patent Office, in 1899: "everything that can be invented has been invented."  While Charles Duell never said such a thing and it doesn't reflect his position on patents at all, "this saying has been so often quoted that it has been gradually accepted as a truth, and thus being still repeatedly quoted again and again even by prominent scholars." [http://www.intertic.org/Policy%20Papers/Pretnar.pdf Bojan Pretnar, "Two Sources of Persistent Patent Controversy," p.4]</ref>

*Opposition by experts to the United States Patent Office, because supposedly everything useful has been invented.<ref>This opposition can be found in many forms, from weakening the strength of patents by small inventors today to repetition of a quote attributed to Charles Duell, Commissioner of the Patent Office, in 1899: "everything that can be invented has been invented."  While Charles Duell never said such a thing and it doesn't reflect his position on patents at all, "this saying has been so often quoted that it has been gradually accepted as a truth, and thus being still repeatedly quoted again and again even by prominent scholars." [http://www.intertic.org/Policy%20Papers/Pretnar.pdf Bojan Pretnar, "Two Sources of Persistent Patent Controversy," p.4]</ref>

*[[Sir George Bidell Airy]], Astronomer Royal of Great Britain, persuaded the British government to discontinue funding for Charles Babbage's analytical engine on the grounds that it was "worthless."  Modern astronomy, of course, relies heavily on computers that wouldn't have been possible without Babbage's work.

*[[Sir George Bidell Airy]], Astronomer Royal of Great Britain, persuaded the British government to discontinue funding for Charles Babbage's analytical engine on the grounds that it was "worthless."  Modern astronomy, of course, relies heavily on computers that wouldn't have been possible without Babbage's work.

*A Yale economics professor dismissed Fred Smith's idea of overnight mail delivery aided by computers as deserving no better than a 'C' grade because "in order to earn better than a 'C,' the idea must be feasible." <ref>http://www.mamohanraj.com/expert.html</ref>

*A Yale economics professor dismissed Fred Smith's idea of overnight mail delivery aided by computers as deserving no better than a 'C' grade because "in order to earn better than a 'C,' the idea must be feasible." <ref>http://www.mamohanraj.com/expert.html</ref>

*[[Steve Jobs]] and [[Steve Wozniak]]'s idea for a personal computer was summarily dismissed by Atari and Hewett-Packard, in part because they didn't have college degrees yet. <ref>http://www.mamohanraj.com/expert.html</ref>

*[[Steve Jobs]] and [[Steve Wozniak]]'s idea for a personal computer was summarily dismissed by Atari and Hewett-Packard, in part because they didn't have college degrees yet.<ref>http://www.mamohanraj.com/expert.html</ref>

*[[Marechal Ferdinand Foch]], professor of strategy at Ecole Superieure de Guerre, dismissed airplanes as "interesting toys" of no military value.  

*[[Marechal Ferdinand Foch]], professor of strategy at Ecole Superieure de Guerre, dismissed airplanes as "interesting toys" of no military value.