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'''Sir Frederick "Fred" Hoyle''' (1915-2001), considered the greatest British physicist of the 20th century, was noted for his rejection of [[naturalistic]] theories of how the [[universe]] came into being.<ref> He supported the [[anthropic principle]], holding that there is a [[design in creation]]: the universe was designed in such a way as to produce life. [http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/hoyle.htm]</ref> (See [[Intelligent design]].)

'''Sir Frederick "Fred" Hoyle''' (1915-2001), considered the greatest British physicist of the 20th century, was noted for his rejection of [[naturalistic]] theories of how the [[universe]] came into being.<ref>He supported the [[anthropic principle]], holding that there is a [[design in creation]]: the universe was designed in such a way as to produce life. [http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/hoyle.htm]</ref> (See [[Intelligent design]].)

Nobel Prize winner William Alfred Fowler wrote: "Fred Hoyle was the second great influence in my life. The grand concept of [[nucleosynthesis]] in stars was first definitely established by Hoyle in 1946."<ref>http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/hoyle.htm</ref> During a radio lecture, he coined the term "[[Big Bang theory|big bang]]" to ridicule the theory (which he disbelieved<ref>Hoyle held out against Big Bang theory, even post-1965, when the discovery of a microwave background in the universe led most cosmologists to favor it. [http://www.physicstoday.org/vol-54/iss-11/p75b.html Physics Today] obituary </ref>) that the universe began from an explosion.  Hoyle developed the [[steady state theory]] of [[cosmology]].

Nobel Prize winner William Alfred Fowler wrote: "Fred Hoyle was the second great influence in my life. The grand concept of [[nucleosynthesis]] in stars was first definitely established by Hoyle in 1946."<ref>http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/hoyle.htm</ref> During a radio lecture, he coined the term "[[Big Bang theory|big bang]]" to ridicule the theory (which he disbelieved<ref>Hoyle held out against Big Bang theory, even post-1965, when the discovery of a microwave background in the universe led most cosmologists to favor it. [http://www.physicstoday.org/vol-54/iss-11/p75b.html Physics Today] obituary</ref>) that the universe began from an explosion.  Hoyle developed the [[steady state theory]] of [[cosmology]].

Hoyle was best known for his seminal contributions to the theory of the structure of [[star]]s and on the origin of the [[chemical elements]] in stars. He was a joint proponent of the steady state model of the universe, which claims, in contradiction to the [[Biblical creation account]], that the universe had no beginning.

Hoyle was best known for his seminal contributions to the theory of the structure of [[star]]s and on the origin of the [[chemical elements]] in stars. He was a joint proponent of the steady state model of the universe, which claims, in contradiction to the [[Biblical creation account]], that the universe had no beginning.

In 1983 the [[Nobel Prize]] committee insulted Hoyle by passing him over and giving the award to underlings for his work.  "For ... one of the greatest intellectual triumphs of modern physics, he was ignored by the Nobel Prize committee which chose to reward others who had done lesser work in this field. Thus, the scientific establishment, which claims to seek truth dispassionately, treated one of its finest proponents with contempt."<ref>http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2005/jul/24/biography.features1, http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2010/oct/03/fred-hoyle-nobel-prize</ref>

In 1983 the [[Nobel Prize]] committee insulted Hoyle by passing him over and giving the award to underlings for his work.  "For ... one of the greatest intellectual triumphs of modern physics, he was ignored by the Nobel Prize committee which chose to reward others who had done lesser work in this field. Thus, the scientific establishment, which claims to seek truth dispassionately, treated one of its finest proponents with contempt."<ref>http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2005/jul/24/biography.features1, http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2010/oct/03/fred-hoyle-nobel-prize</ref>

Fred Hoyle probably lost out, at least in part, because several years earlier he had loudly condemned the exclusion of [[Jocelyn Bell Burnell]] from the 1974 Physics Prize<ref>http://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/oct/03/fred-hoyle-nobel-prize</ref>.

Fred Hoyle probably lost out, at least in part, because several years earlier he had loudly condemned the exclusion of [[Jocelyn Bell Burnell]] from the 1974 Physics Prize.<ref>http://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/oct/03/fred-hoyle-nobel-prize</ref>

See [http://www.conservapedia.com/Nobel_Prize#Criteria the discussion of Nobel Prize criteria] for further discussion of this topic.

See [http://www.conservapedia.com/Nobel_Prize#Criteria the discussion of Nobel Prize criteria] for further discussion of this topic.

In 1985 (two years later) Hoyle was part of a group that exposed the [[Archaeopteryx]] - then a favorite of promoters of [[evolution]] - as a fraud<ref>http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/archaeopteryx/forgery.html</ref>.

In 1985 (two years later) Hoyle was part of a group that exposed the [[Archaeopteryx]] - then a favorite of promoters of [[evolution]] - as a fraud.<ref>http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/archaeopteryx/forgery.html</ref>

==Stellar nucleosynthesis==

==Stellar nucleosynthesis==

==Origin of life==

==Origin of life==

Hoyle, a life-long atheist, was positively anti-theistic<ref> see "Conflict in the Cosmos: Fred Hoyle's Life in Science (Simon Mitton, Joseph Henry Press, 2005) and "How is Where the Wind Blows: Chapters from a Cosmologist;s Life" (Fred Hoyle, University Science, 1994)</ref>; instead of accepting a Divine hand in things, he proposed a ''deus ex machina'' alien intervention<ref> see "Evolution from Space: a Theory of Cosmic Creationism (Fred Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe, Simon and Schuster, 1984)</ref> more in keeping with one of his many science fiction novels <ref>http://www.hoyle.org.uk/FH/Fiction.html</ref> than with faith and logic.

Hoyle, a life-long atheist, was positively anti-theistic;<ref>see "Conflict in the Cosmos: Fred Hoyle's Life in Science (Simon Mitton, Joseph Henry Press, 2005) and "How is Where the Wind Blows: Chapters from a Cosmologist;s Life" (Fred Hoyle, University Science, 1994)</ref> instead of accepting a Divine hand in things, he proposed a ''deus ex machina'' alien intervention<ref>see "Evolution from Space: a Theory of Cosmic Creationism (Fred Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe, Simon and Schuster, 1984)</ref> more in keeping with one of his many science fiction novels <ref>http://www.hoyle.org.uk/FH/Fiction.html</ref> than with faith and logic.

{{quotebox|"The likelihood (probability) of the [[spontaneous generation|spontaneous formation]] of life from inanimate matter is one to number with 40,000 noughts after it...  It is big enough to bury Darwin and the whole [[theory of evolution]].  There was no [[primeval soup]], neither on this planet nor on any other, and if the beginnings of life were not random, they must therefore have been the product of purposeful intelligence."  Sir Fredrick Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe, Evolution from Space  (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984), p. 148. <ref>http://www.discoveryevent.com/quotes1.htm</ref>}}

{{quotebox|"The likelihood (probability) of the [[spontaneous generation|spontaneous formation]] of life from inanimate matter is one to number with 40,000 noughts after it...  It is big enough to bury Darwin and the whole [[theory of evolution]].  There was no [[primeval soup]], neither on this planet nor on any other, and if the beginnings of life were not random, they must therefore have been the product of purposeful intelligence."  Sir Fredrick Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe, Evolution from Space  (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984), p. 148.<ref>http://www.discoveryevent.com/quotes1.htm</ref>}}

==References==

==References==