Changes

In his 1914 book ''Progressive Democracy,'' Croly contested the thesis that the liberal tradition in the United States was inhospitable to anticapitalist alternatives. He drew from the American past a history of resistance to capitalist wage relations that was fundamentally liberal, and he reclaimed an idea that Progressives had allowed to lapse - that working for wages was a lesser form of liberty. Increasingly skeptical of the capacity of social welfare legislation to remedy social ills, Croly argued that America's liberal promise could be redeemed only by syndicalist reforms involving workplace democracy. O'Leary (1994) shows his liberal goals were subordinate to his commitment to [[republicanism]].

In his 1914 book ''Progressive Democracy,'' Croly contested the thesis that the liberal tradition in the United States was inhospitable to anticapitalist alternatives. He drew from the American past a history of resistance to capitalist wage relations that was fundamentally liberal, and he reclaimed an idea that Progressives had allowed to lapse - that working for wages was a lesser form of liberty. Increasingly skeptical of the capacity of social welfare legislation to remedy social ills, Croly argued that America's liberal promise could be redeemed only by syndicalist reforms involving workplace democracy. O'Leary (1994) shows his liberal goals were subordinate to his commitment to [[republicanism]].

==Early Life==

==Early life==

Croly was born in New York City on January 23, 1869, to David and Jane Croly.<ref name=apostle />  His father [[David Goodman Croly]] was a devoted [[Auguste Comte|Comtist]] and raised Herbert that way.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Croly|first1=Herbert|title=Memories of Jane Cunningham Croly, "Jenny June". ''From a Testimonial by Herbert D. Croly''|date=1904|publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons|location=New York|pages=61–63}}</ref>

Croly was born in New York City on January 23, 1869, to David and Jane Croly.<ref name=apostle />  His father [[David Goodman Croly]] was a devoted [[Auguste Comte|Comtist]] and raised Herbert that way.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Croly|first1=Herbert|title=Memories of Jane Cunningham Croly, "Jenny June". ''From a Testimonial by Herbert D. Croly''|date=1904|publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons|location=New York|pages=61–63}}</ref>

==Later Revisionism==

==Later Revisionism==

Starting in the 40's, some authors tried to distance progressive ideology from Croly's views(specifically in regard to the book ''Promise of American Life''), and instead re-cast them as having underlying tones of totalitarianism or fascism<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FTAQAAAAIAAJ&dq=dilemma |last=Filler |first=Louis |date=1948 |title=The Dilemma, So-Called, of the American Liberal |journal=Antioch Review |volume=8 |pages=140-141 }}</ref>, not progressivism.

Starting in the 40's, some authors tried to distance progressive ideology from Croly's views(specifically in regard to the book ''Promise of American Life''), and instead re-cast them as having underlying tones of totalitarianism or fascism,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FTAQAAAAIAAJ&dq=dilemma |last=Filler |first=Louis |date=1948 |title=The Dilemma, So-Called, of the American Liberal |journal=Antioch Review |volume=8 |pages=140–141 }}</ref> not progressivism.

==Further reading==

==Further reading==

* Dexter, Byron. "Herbert Croly and the Promise of American Life," ''Political Science Quarterly,'' Vol. 70, No. 2 (Jun., 1955), pp. 197-218 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2145222 in JSTOR]

* Dexter, Byron. "Herbert Croly and the Promise of American Life," ''Political Science Quarterly,'' Vol. 70, No. 2 (Jun., 1955), pp.&nbsp;197–218 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2145222 in JSTOR]

* Jaenicke, Douglas Walter. "Herbert Croly, Progressive Ideology, and the FTC Act," ''Political Science Quarterly,'' Vol. 93, No. 3 (Autumn, 1978), pp. 471-493 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2149536 in JSTOR]

* Jaenicke, Douglas Walter. "Herbert Croly, Progressive Ideology, and the FTC Act," ''Political Science Quarterly,'' Vol. 93, No. 3 (Autumn, 1978), pp.&nbsp;471–493 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2149536 in JSTOR]

* Katz, Claudio J. "Syndicalist Liberalism: the Normative Economics of Herbert Croly."  ''History of Political Thought'' 2001 22(4): 669-702  

* Katz, Claudio J. "Syndicalist Liberalism: the Normative Economics of Herbert Croly."  ''History of Political Thought'' 2001 22(4): 669-702  

* Levy, David W. ''Herbert Croly of The New Republic: The Life and Thought of an American Progressive'' (1985)

* Levy, David W. ''Herbert Croly of The New Republic: The Life and Thought of an American Progressive'' (1985)

* O'Leary, Kevin C.  "Herbert Croly & Progressive Democracy," ''Polity'', Vol. 26, No. 4 (Summer, 1994), pp. 533-552 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3235094 in JSTOR]

* O'Leary, Kevin C.  "Herbert Croly & Progressive Democracy," ''Polity'', Vol. 26, No. 4 (Summer, 1994), pp.&nbsp;533–552 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3235094 in JSTOR]

* Stettner, Edward A. ''Shaping Modern Liberalism: Herbert Croly and Progressive Thought'' (1993) [http://www.amazon.com/Shaping-Modern-Liberalism-Herbert-Progressive/dp/0700605800 excerpt and text search]

* Stettner, Edward A. ''Shaping Modern Liberalism: Herbert Croly and Progressive Thought'' (1993) [http://www.amazon.com/Shaping-Modern-Liberalism-Herbert-Progressive/dp/0700605800 excerpt and text search]

* Forcey, Charles. [https://archive.org/details/crossroadsoflibe007335mbp ''The Crossroads Of Liberalism: Croly, Weyl, Lippmann, And The Progressive Era 1900-1925''] (1961), on [[archive.org]]

* Forcey, Charles. [https://archive.org/details/crossroadsoflibe007335mbp ''The Crossroads Of Liberalism: Croly, Weyl, Lippmann, And The Progressive Era 1900-1925''] (1961), on [[archive.org]]

* Moreno, Paul D. (2013), pp. 110-113 [https://books.google.com/books?id=33uupwdgNLgC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false The American State from the Civil War to the New Deal: The Twilight of Constitutionalism and the Triumph of Progressivism]

* Moreno, Paul D. (2013), pp.&nbsp;110–113 [https://books.google.com/books?id=33uupwdgNLgC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false The American State from the Civil War to the New Deal: The Twilight of Constitutionalism and the Triumph of Progressivism]

===Primary sources===

===Primary sources===

* Croly, Herbert. ''Progressive Democracy'' (1914) [http://books.google.com/books?id=QBUpAAAAYAAJ&dq=inauthor:herbert+inauthor:croly&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=1 full text online]

* Croly, Herbert. ''Progressive Democracy'' (1914) [http://books.google.com/books?id=QBUpAAAAYAAJ&dq=inauthor:herbert+inauthor:croly&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=1 full text online]

* Croly, Herbert. ''Marcus Alonso Hanna: His Life and Work'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=jtJBAAAAIAAJ&dq=inauthor:herbert+inauthor:croly&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=1 full text online](1912), favorable biography of the leading conservative politician  

* Croly, Herbert. ''Marcus Alonso Hanna: His Life and Work'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=jtJBAAAAIAAJ&dq=inauthor:herbert+inauthor:croly&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=1 full text online](1912), favorable biography of the leading conservative politician  

* Croly, Herbert. "The Effect on American Institutions of a Powerful Military and Naval Establishment," ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', Vol. 66, (July 1916), pp. 157-172 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1013440 in JSTOR]

* Croly, Herbert. "The Effect on American Institutions of a Powerful Military and Naval Establishment," ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', Vol. 66, (July 1916), pp.&nbsp;157–172 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1013440 in JSTOR]

* Croly, Herbert. "State Political Reorganization," ''Proceedings of the American Political Science Association,'' Vol. 8, Eighth Annual Meeting (1911), pp. 122-135 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3038400 in JSTOR]

* Croly, Herbert. "State Political Reorganization," ''Proceedings of the American Political Science Association,'' Vol. 8, Eighth Annual Meeting (1911), pp.&nbsp;122–135 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3038400 in JSTOR]

==See Also==

==See also==

* [[The Promise of American Life]]

* [[The Promise of American Life]]

{{reflist|2}}

{{reflist|2}}

[[Category: Progressive Era]]

[[Category:Progressive Era]]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Croly, Herbert}}