Changes

==Geography==

==Geography==

The Principality of Monaco is the second-smallest independent state in the world, after the Holy See (Vatican City). It is located on the Mediterranean coast, 18 kilometers (11 mi.) east of Nice, France, and is surrounded on three sides by France. Monaco is divided into four sections: Monaco-Ville, the old city on a rocky promontory extending into the Mediterranean; La Condamine, the section along the port; Monte-Carlo, the principal residential and resort area; and Fontvieille, a newly constructed area reclaimed from the sea.  

The Principality of Monaco is the second-smallest independent state in the world, after the Holy See (Vatican City). It is located on the Mediterranean coast, 18 kilometers (11 mi.) east of Nice, France, and is surrounded on three sides by France. Monaco is divided into four sections: Monaco-Ville, the old city on a rocky promontory extending into the Mediterranean; La Condamine, the section along the port; Monte-Carlo, the principal residential and resort area; and Fontvieille, a newly constructed area reclaimed from the sea.  

*Area: 1.95 sq. km. (0.8 sq. mi); about the size of New York City's Central Park.  

*Area: 1.95 sq. km. (0.8 sq. mi); about the size of New York City's Central Park.  

*City: Capital--Monaco, pop. 32,409 (July 2005 est.).

*City: Capital—Monaco, pop. 32,409 (July 2005 est.).

*Terrain: Hilly.  

*Terrain: Hilly.  

*Climate: Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers.  

*Climate: Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers.  

*Religions: Roman Catholic 90%, other 10%.

*Religions: Roman Catholic 90%, other 10%.

*Languages: French (official), English, Italian, and Monegasque.

*Languages: French (official), English, Italian, and Monegasque.

*Education: Years compulsory--10, ages 6-16. Attendance--99%. Literacy--99%.  

*Education: Years compulsory—10, ages 6–16. Attendance—99%. Literacy—99%.  

*Health (2007 est.): Infant mortality--5.27 deaths/1,000 live births. Life expectancy--75.99 yrs. male; 83.85 yrs. female. Birth rate (2007 est.)--9.12 births/1,000 population. Death rate (2006 est.)--12.92 deaths/1,000 population.

*Health (2007 est.): Infant mortality—5.27 deaths/1,000 live births. Life expectancy—75.99 yrs. male; 83.85 yrs. female. Birth rate (2007 est.)--9.12 births/1,000 population. Death rate (2006 est.)--12.92 deaths/1,000 population.

==Government and Political Conditions==

==Government and Political Conditions==

===Principal Government Officials===

===Principal Government Officials===

*Chief of State--Prince Albert II, Crown Prince  

*Chief of State—Prince Albert II, Crown Prince  

*Minister of State--Michel Roger

*Minister of State—Michel Roger

====Council of Government====

====Council of Government====

*Interior--Paul Masseron

*Interior—Paul Masseron

*Exterior--Jean Pastorelli

*Exterior—Jean Pastorelli

*Finance and Economic Affairs--Gilles Tonelli

*Finance and Economic Affairs—Gilles Tonelli

*Social Affairs and Health--Jean-Jacques Campana

*Social Affairs and Health—Jean-Jacques Campana

*Environment, Equipment and Urbanism--Robert Calcagno  

*Environment, Equipment and Urbanism—Robert Calcagno  

*National Council President--Stephane Valeri

*National Council President—Stephane Valeri

*President of Supreme Court--Roland Drago

*President of Supreme Court—Roland Drago

*Director of Judicial Services--Philippe Narmino  

*Director of Judicial Services—Philippe Narmino  

===Foreign Relations===

===Foreign Relations===

*Avg. annual growth rate (2003 est.): 1.89%.  

*Avg. annual growth rate (2003 est.): 1.89%.  

*Per capita purchasing power parity GDP (2006 est.): $30,000.

*Per capita purchasing power parity GDP (2006 est.): $30,000.

*Work force (2003, 41,708): Private sector--37,949. Public sector--3,759. Services--83.5%. Banking--23.43%. Tourism and hotel--11.64%. Retail--4.92%. Construction and public works--32.02%. Industry--6.98%.  

*Work force (2003, 41,708): Private sector—37,949. Public sector—3,759. Services—83.5%. Banking—23.43%. Tourism and hotel—11.64%. Retail—4.92%. Construction and public works—32.02%. Industry—6.98%.  

*Agricultural products: None.  

*Agricultural products: None.  

*Industry: Types--tourism, construction, chemicals, food products, plastics, precision instruments, cosmetics, ceramics.  

*Industry: Types—tourism, construction, chemicals, food products, plastics, precision instruments, cosmetics, ceramics.  

*Trade: Imports (2005)--$916.1 million. Exports (2005)--$716.3 million. Note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France.  

*Trade: Imports (2005)--$916.1 million. Exports (2005)--$716.3 million. Note: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France.  

*Currency: Monaco, along with France and the other 11 members of the European Monetary Union (EMU), adopted the euro (€) as its official currency on January 1, 2002. As in other EMU states, euros minted in Monaco have special Monegasque features on one side of the coin.

*Currency: Monaco, along with France and the other 11 members of the European Monetary Union (EMU), adopted the euro (€) as its official currency on January 1, 2002. As in other EMU states, euros minted in Monaco have special Monegasque features on one side of the coin.