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'''Alkanes''' are substances that belong to a homologous series of [[organic]] compounds that contain the elements [[carbon]] and [[hydrogen]] only, and whose members differ by constant relative [[molecular mass]] of 14. In an alkane, each carbon atom and hydrogen atom are held together by saturated covalent bonds; the general molecular formula for alkanes is C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub>. In contemporary industrial societies, these [[hydrocarbon]]s are most often as [[fuel]]s and to produce chemicals, such as [[methane]] and [[octane]]. These chemicals are derived from the fractional [[distillation]] of [[crude oil]] and via [[catalytic cracking]].
'''Alkanes''' are substances that belong to a homologous series of [[organic]] compounds that contain the elements [[carbon]] and [[hydrogen]] only, and whose members differ by constant relative [[molecular mass]] of 14. In an alkane, each carbon atom and hydrogen atom are held together by saturated covalent bonds; the general molecular formula for alkanes is C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub>. In contemporary industrial societies, these [[hydrocarbon]]s are most often as [[fuel]]s and to produce chemicals, such as [[methane]] and [[octane]]. These chemicals are derived from the fractional [[distillation]] of [[crude oil]] and via [[catalytic cracking]].
Alkanes are insoluable in water, and have a lower density thus making them float atop water.
Alkanes are insoluble in water, and have a lower density thus making them float atop water.
When alkanes have more than three carbon atoms, they can be arranged in different ways, in a line or branched fashion. The different arrangements are called isomers, with standardized nomenclature to describe the isomeric forms. See [[IUPAC nomenclature]].
When alkanes have more than three carbon atoms, they can be arranged in different ways, in a line or branched fashion. The different arrangements are called isomers, with standardized nomenclature to describe the isomeric forms. See [[IUPAC nomenclature]].
* 4 carbon atoms: Butane, C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>
* 4 carbon atoms: Butane, C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>
When alkanes have more than 4 carbon atoms, they are named using a greek numeral prefix plus '''-ane''' suffix, e.g. pentane (C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>), hexane (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub>).
When alkanes have more than 4 carbon atoms, they are named using a Greek numeral prefix plus '''-ane''' suffix, e.g. pentane (C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>), hexane (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub>).
All alkanes contain single-bonded carbon atoms.
All alkanes contain single-bonded carbon atoms.