Changes

|volume=18

|volume=18

|issue=2

|issue=2

|pages=105-113

|pages=105–113

|year=2004

|year=2004

|url=http://creation.com/images/pdfs/tj/j18_2/j18_2_105-113.pdf

|url=http://creation.com/images/pdfs/tj/j18_2/j18_2_105-113.pdf

|accessdate=2012-1015}}</ref> which postulates the creation of all matter in the universe at the early stages of the [[Singularity#The_hot_big_bang_singularity|hot Big Bang]] and then relies on space expansion as described by Hubble Law for its distribution.<ref>{{cite web

|accessdate=2012-1015}}</ref> which postulates the creation of all matter in the universe at the early stages of the [[Singularity#The hot big bang singularity|hot Big Bang]] and then relies on space expansion as described by Hubble Law for its distribution.<ref>{{cite web

|title=Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Inflation: The Big Mysteries of Cosmology

|title=Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Inflation: The Big Mysteries of Cosmology

|author=Michail S. Turner  

|author=Michail S. Turner  

|accessdate=2012-10-15

|accessdate=2012-10-15

|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWaOyy3WfWk

|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWaOyy3WfWk

|quote=Ordinary matter: From quarks to us:  

|quote=Ordinary matter: From quarks to us: Implications of Hubble’s  discovery was: In the beginning the universe was small and it got bigger and evolved, and so there was a big bang. Penzias and Wilson had discovered that there are billions of microwave photons filling the universe for every atom and this is the heat-leftover from the big bang and that big bang was a hot big bang. And that changes everything because in the beginning there was really hot...it was hotter than in hell…When you heat something up you reduce it to its basic elements and that means that in the beginning the universe was a primordial soup. And so what is primordial soup made of? In 1970s we figured out what the basic pieces what the basic building blocks of matter are – and those are called quarks …The neutrons and protons were made of smaller entities called quarks, … combining that with fact that the universe was hot at the beginning we can figure out what that primordial soup was…I’m going to show you the full-scale model of the entire universe that we see today, what it would look like at the beginning … everything that we can see, 100 billion galaxies,  all fit into this soup … and they were reduced to their quark constituents. …We can now reconstruct the history of the universe from quark soup to us…When the universe was younger than one one-hundred thousandth of the second and as we follow it through it’s expanding, it’s cooling, layer upon layer of structure is building up. And so when it was about one one hundred thousandth of the second old, it was cool enough for neutrons and protons to form. And as it cooled, it became cool enough for the neutrons and protons to come together and make the nuclei of the lightest elements in the periodic table and that happened when the universe was a few seconds old.  When the universe was a few seconds old there was a nuclear reactor and that nuclear reactor made a lot of helium, made little bit of deuterium, made a Helium3-that’s a light form of helium and it made a tiny amount of lithium…The rest of the elements in periodic table were made in stars and … stars made the rest of the periodic table.}}</ref>

Implications of Hubble’s  discovery was: In the beginning the universe was small and it got bigger and evolved, and so there was a big bang. Penzias and Wilson had discovered that there are billions of microwave photons filling the universe for every atom and this is the heat-leftover from the big bang and that big bang was a hot big bang. And that changes everything because in the beginning there was really hot...it was hotter than in hell…When you heat something up you reduce it to its basic elements and that means that in the beginning the universe was a primordial soup. And so what is primordial soup made of? In 1970s we figured out what the basic pieces what the basic building blocks of matter are – and those are called quarks …The neutrons and protons were made of smaller entities called quarks, … combining that with fact that the universe was hot at the beginning we can figure out what that primordial soup was…I’m going to show you the full-scale model of the entire universe that we see today, what it would look like at the beginning … everything that we can see, 100 billion galaxies,  all fit into this soup … and they were reduced to their quark constituents. …We can now reconstruct the history of the universe from quark soup to us…When the universe was younger than one one-hundred thousandth of the second and as we follow it through it’s expanding, it’s cooling, layer upon layer of structure is building up. And so when it was about one one hundred thousandth of the second old, it was cool enough for neutrons and protons to form. And as it cooled, it became cool enough for the neutrons and protons to come together and make the nuclei of the lightest elements in the periodic table and that happened when the universe was a few seconds old.  When the universe was a few seconds old there was a nuclear reactor and that nuclear reactor made a lot of helium, made little bit of deuterium, made a Helium3-that’s a light form of helium and it made a tiny amount of lithium…The rest of the elements in periodic table were made in stars and … stars made the rest of the periodic table.}}</ref>

==History==

==History==

|quote=}}</ref>

|quote=}}</ref>

==See Also==

==See also==

[[Gravitational lensing]]

[[Gravitational lensing]]