Changes

In 1998, Dr. William C. Holmes, M.D. and Dr. Gail B. Slap, M.D. reported in the medical journal [[JAMA]] the following:  

In 1998, Dr. William C. Holmes, M.D. and Dr. Gail B. Slap, M.D. reported in the medical journal [[JAMA]] the following:  

{{Cquote|Adolescent boys, particularly those victimized by males, were up to 7 times more likely to identify themselves as homosexual or bisexual than peers who had not been abused (P<.001). <ref name="jama">[http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/280/21/1855 Sexual Abuse of Boys Definition, Prevalence, Correlates, Sequelae, and Management, William C. Holmes, MD, MSCE; Gail B. Slap, MD, MS, JAMA, Vol. 280 No. 21, December 2, 1998]</ref>}}

{{Cquote|Adolescent boys, particularly those victimized by males, were up to 7 times more likely to identify themselves as homosexual or bisexual than peers who had not been abused (P<.001).<ref name="jama">[http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/280/21/1855 Sexual Abuse of Boys Definition, Prevalence, Correlates, Sequelae, and Management, William C. Holmes, MD, MSCE; Gail B. Slap, MD, MS, JAMA, Vol. 280 No. 21, December 2, 1998]</ref>}}

Dr. Holmes and Dr. Slap also pointed out that "No longitudinal studies examined the causal relationship between abuse and gender role or sexual orientation, however. Gender role nonconformity and gay or bisexual identity may precede abuse. For example, males exploring their sexual identity may do so in venues, such as public sex environments, where abuse may happen more frequently." <ref name="jama" /> Dr. Holmes and Dr. Slap also offered a speculative scenario in regards to how a homosexual adolescent exploring his sexuality may put himself at risk but offered no empirical studies in regards to their speculative scenario.<ref name="jama" />

Dr. Holmes and Dr. Slap also pointed out that "No longitudinal studies examined the causal relationship between abuse and gender role or sexual orientation, however. Gender role nonconformity and gay or bisexual identity may precede abuse. For example, males exploring their sexual identity may do so in venues, such as public sex environments, where abuse may happen more frequently." <ref name="jama" /> Dr. Holmes and Dr. Slap also offered a speculative scenario in regards to how a homosexual adolescent exploring his sexuality may put himself at risk but offered no empirical studies in regards to their speculative scenario.<ref name="jama" />

{{Cquote|Sixteen of the 17 girls, age 4 to 16, molested or seduced (6 for a long time) by a relative or close family friend are lesbians as adults. The subjects' attitudes about the incident were highly determined by parental reactions.<ref>Sexual molestation and rape reported by homosexual and heterosexual women, Gundlach RH., Journal of Homosexuality. 1977 Summer;2(4):367-84.</ref>}}

{{Cquote|Sixteen of the 17 girls, age 4 to 16, molested or seduced (6 for a long time) by a relative or close family friend are lesbians as adults. The subjects' attitudes about the incident were highly determined by parental reactions.<ref>Sexual molestation and rape reported by homosexual and heterosexual women, Gundlach RH., Journal of Homosexuality. 1977 Summer;2(4):367-84.</ref>}}

==See Also==

==See also==

*[[Homosexuality]]

*[[Homosexuality]]

*[[Causes of Homosexuality]]

*[[Causes of Homosexuality]]