The rules were adopted by some southern states after a similar voting exclusion clause, the [[grandfather clause]] was judged unconstitutional. The [[United States Supreme Court]] ruled the white primary was unconstitutional in the 1944 case ''[[Smith v. Allwright]]''. | The rules were adopted by some southern states after a similar voting exclusion clause, the [[grandfather clause]] was judged unconstitutional. The [[United States Supreme Court]] ruled the white primary was unconstitutional in the 1944 case ''[[Smith v. Allwright]]''. |