Changes

==Cyber-Attacks on Estonia==

==Cyber-Attacks on Estonia==

In May 2007, [[Russia]] was accused of conducting a three week cyber-terrorism attack on the small [[Baltic]] country of [[Estonia]]. The terror attacks came as the two countries were embroiled in their worst dispute since the end of the [[Cold War]]. The dispute was over Estonia removing a statue to honor the oppressive, murderous [[Red Army]] in their capital [[Tallinn]].  In response to this, Russia began a campaign of cyber-attacks which disabled government websites; including [[military]] websites, newspapers, companies, banks and other parts of the Estonian cyber-infrastructure.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/17/westonia117.xml Daily Telegraph] Accessed July 18, 2007</ref> Although there has not been solid evidence, Estonian officials traced IP addresses to computers in Russian government offices, including one in President [[Vladimir Putin]]'s office, and believe that some of the attacks may have been done through hijacked computers.<ref>''Cyberterrorism has become a reality'' [http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/277054/cyberterrorism_has_become_a_reality.html Associated Content] Accessed July 18, 2007</ref> Evidence also suggests that the cyber-attacks may have also been carried out by ordinary people equipped with instructions from Russian websites.<ref name="Daily Telegraph">[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/18/westonia18.xml Daily Telegraph] Accessed July 18, 2007</ref> The attacks on Estonia urged the country to call on organizations like [[NATO]], and the [[EU]], to develop responses to this new 21st century national security threat.<ref name="Daily Telegraph"/>

In May 2007, [[Russia]] was accused of conducting a three-week cyber-terrorism attack on the small [[Baltic]] country of [[Estonia]]. The terror attacks came as the two countries were embroiled in their worst dispute since the end of the [[Cold War]]. The dispute was over Estonia removing a statue to honor the oppressive, murderous [[Red Army]] in their capital [[Tallinn]].  In response to this, Russia began a campaign of cyber-attacks which disabled government websites; including [[military]] websites, newspapers, companies, banks and other parts of the Estonian cyber-infrastructure.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/17/westonia117.xml Daily Telegraph] Accessed July 18, 2007</ref> Although there has not been solid evidence, Estonian officials traced IP addresses to computers in Russian government offices, including one in President [[Vladimir Putin]]'s office, and believe that some of the attacks may have been done through hijacked computers.<ref>''Cyberterrorism has become a reality'' [http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/277054/cyberterrorism_has_become_a_reality.html Associated Content] Accessed July 18, 2007</ref> Evidence also suggests that the cyber-attacks may have also been carried out by ordinary people equipped with instructions from Russian websites.<ref name="Daily Telegraph">[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/18/westonia18.xml Daily Telegraph] Accessed July 18, 2007</ref> The attacks on Estonia urged the country to call on organizations like [[NATO]], and the [[EU]], to develop responses to this new 21st century national security threat.<ref name="Daily Telegraph"/>

==Cyber-Attacks on The United States==

==Cyber-Attacks on The United States==

In September 2014, a hoax was perpetrated claiming that there was an explosion at the [[Columbian Chemicals Plant]] in Centerville, Louisiana.  This attack used a sophisticated blend of text messaging, YouTube videos, a Wikipedia page(which has since been re-branded as a hoax page), a facebook page, and a barrage of twitter activity.<ref name="Chen" />

In September 2014, a hoax was perpetrated claiming that there was an explosion at the [[Columbian Chemicals Plant]] in Centerville, Louisiana.  This attack used a sophisticated blend of text messaging, YouTube videos, a Wikipedia page(which has since been re-branded as a hoax page), a Facebook page, and a barrage of twitter activity.<ref name="Chen" />

This hoax also employed the tactic of using pro-Putin messaging, including some messages on conservative websites such as [[The Blaze]].<ref name="Chen">{{cite web |first=Adrian |last=Chen |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/magazine/the-agency.html |title=The Agency |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 2, 2015 }}</ref>

This hoax also employed the tactic of using pro-Putin messaging, including some messages on conservative websites such as [[The Blaze]].<ref name="Chen">{{cite web |first=Adrian |last=Chen |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/magazine/the-agency.html |title=The Agency |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=June 2, 2015 }}</ref>