Changes

In reviewing the BYN, Alinsky made the following observation:<ref name=Kincaid>[http://sorosfiles.com/soros/2011/10/john-podesta-the-center-for-american-progress-and-the-communist-friendly-modern-progressive-movement.html John Podesta, the Center for American Progress, and the Communist-friendly Modern Progressive Movement]</ref>

In reviewing the BYN, Alinsky made the following observation:<ref name=Kincaid>[http://sorosfiles.com/soros/2011/10/john-podesta-the-center-for-american-progress-and-the-communist-friendly-modern-progressive-movement.html John Podesta, the Center for American Progress, and the Communist-friendly Modern Progressive Movement]</ref>

<blockquote>A survey of the possibilities for community organization of the residents of the Back of the Yards neighborhood reveals two basic social forces which might serve as the cornerstone of any effective community organization which would, first, be representative of the people of the community and, second, by the very virtue of such representation, posesses the necessary strength to effect constructive changes in the life of the Back of the Yards neighborhood.  These two elemental social institutions are, first, the Catholic church and second, organized labor.<ref>[Community Analysis and Organization], by S. D. Alinsky</ref></blockquote>

<blockquote>A survey of the possibilities for community organization of the residents of the Back of the Yards neighborhood reveals two basic social forces which might serve as the cornerstone of any effective community organization which would, first, be representative of the people of the community and, second, by the very virtue of such representation, posesses the necessary strength to effect constructive changes in the life of the Back of the Yards neighborhood.  These two elemental social institutions are, first, the Catholic church and second, organized labor.<ref>Community Analysis and Organization, by S. D. Alinsky</ref></blockquote>

Alinsky's work in BYNC could not have been possible without his contacts among churches favorable to [[Christian socialism]], the [[Social Gospel]], and [[Social Justice]].  For his effective use of faith-based organizations, Alinsky's method has sometimes been referred to as '''Congregation-based Community Organizing'''.<ref>[https://sojo.net/magazine/march-april-2000/saul-alinsky-goes-church Saul Alinsky Goes to Church]</ref>

Alinsky's work in BYNC could not have been possible without his contacts among churches favorable to [[Christian socialism]], the [[Social Gospel]], and [[Social Justice]].  For his effective use of faith-based organizations, Alinsky's method has sometimes been referred to as '''Congregation-based Community Organizing'''.<ref>[https://sojo.net/magazine/march-april-2000/saul-alinsky-goes-church Saul Alinsky Goes to Church]</ref>

===Industrial Areas Foundation===

===Industrial Areas Foundation===

Having demonstrated his proven abilities in organizing through his activities at BYNC, Alinsky was awarded funding from the Marshall Field Foundation.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=guIG64KCttYC&pg=PA417 The Possibility of Popular Justice: A Case Study of Community Mediation in the United States]</ref>  Using this funding, the Industrial Areas Foundation was born in 1940,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=40Zv8DC4g38C&pg=PA404 Poverty in the United States: A - K., Volume 1]</ref> which was largely responsible for most of the [[liberal]] community groups throughout the country.

Having demonstrated his proven abilities in organizing through his activities at BYNC, Alinsky was awarded funding from the Marshall Field Foundation.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=guIG64KCttYC&pg=PA417 The Possibility of Popular Justice: A Case Study of Community Mediation in the United States]</ref>  Using this funding, the Industrial Areas Foundation (IAF) was born in 1940,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=40Zv8DC4g38C&pg=PA404 Poverty in the United States: A - K., Volume 1]</ref> which was largely responsible for most of the [[liberal]] community groups throughout the country.

====Woodlawn Organization====

====Woodlawn Organization====

Woodlawn organized a series of protests, using negative publicity to its advantage.  In once instance, residents brought their cameras into the schools and took pictures of unoccupied desks.  during protests in front of the homes of white slumlords, black residents were bussed in where they held signs all the way up and down the streets distributing pamphlets and protesting to gather attention to the situation.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=qojgLBuEFEUC&pg=PA12 Chicago Portraits: New Edition]</ref>

Woodlawn organized a series of protests, using negative publicity to its advantage.  In once instance, residents brought their cameras into the schools and took pictures of unoccupied desks.  during protests in front of the homes of white slumlords, black residents were bussed in where they held signs all the way up and down the streets distributing pamphlets and protesting to gather attention to the situation.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=qojgLBuEFEUC&pg=PA12 Chicago Portraits: New Edition]</ref>

===Fred Ross===

====Fred Ross====

During the 1940s, Alinsky learned of the community organizing activities of Fred Ross.  Ross and Alinsky met, and in 1947, Alinsky hired Ross to work at the Industrial Areas Foundation.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=NckWAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA252 The Practice of Macro Social Work]</ref> Ross would go on to teach others the Alinsky ways, such as [[Cesar Chavez]] and Dolores Huerta.<ref>[http://action.ufw.org/page/s/fredross Ask President Obama to award Presidential Medal of Freedom to Cesar's mentor, Fred Ross Sr.]</ref>

During the 1940s, Alinsky learned of the community organizing activities of Fred Ross.  Ross and Alinsky met, and in 1947, Alinsky hired Ross to work at the Industrial Areas Foundation.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=NckWAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA252 The Practice of Macro Social Work]</ref>

 

With the aid of Alinsky and the IAF, Ross would go on to found the ''Community Service Organization'' (CSO) in Los Angeles, California, with his friend Edward R. Roybal.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=veSFggvRZNQC&pg=PA133 Black Cuban, Black American: A Memoir]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=2ydWBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 Rethinking the Chicano Movement]</ref>  CSO is well known for  teaching others the Alinsky ways, such as [[Cesar Chavez]] and Dolores Huerta.<ref>[http://action.ufw.org/page/s/fredross Ask President Obama to award Presidential Medal of Freedom to Cesar's mentor, Fred Ross Sr.]</ref>

===Later Organizing===

===Later Organizing===

Alinsky had a tendency to rub the sores of a community raw.  During the [[Great Society]] campaigns of [[Lyndon Johnson]], he organized groups like FIGHT(Freedom, Integration, God, Honor, Today) in order to push the Eastman Kodak Company to hire more black workers.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ChMkAAAAMAAJ&q=saul+alinsky+%22Friends+of+FIGHT%22&dq=saul+alinsky+%22Friends+of+FIGHT%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiL6prqx_vNAhWCph4KHQ3xDcY4FBDoAQgfMAE Hearing[s] Held in Rochester, New York, September 16-17, 1966, Volumes 35-962]</ref>  Headed by the radical pastor Franklin Florence,<ref name=fight>[https://books.google.com/books?id=nsye_8Ewk0oC&pg=PA381 The Mid-Atlantic Region]</ref><ref>[http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/july64/more.html JULY ‘64], [[PBS]]</ref> FIGHT chose to remain an exclusively black organization.  In response, Friends of FIGHT was formed, in order to bring in the involvement of white progressives.<ref name=fight />

Alinsky had a tendency to rub the sores of a community raw.  During the [[Great Society]] campaigns of [[Lyndon Johnson]], he organized groups like FIGHT(Freedom, Integration, God, Honor, Today) in order to push the Eastman Kodak Company to hire more black workers.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ChMkAAAAMAAJ&q=saul+alinsky+%22Friends+of+FIGHT%22&dq=saul+alinsky+%22Friends+of+FIGHT%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiL6prqx_vNAhWCph4KHQ3xDcY4FBDoAQgfMAE Hearing(s) Held in Rochester, New York, September 16-17, 1966, Volumes 35-962]</ref>  Headed by the radical pastor Franklin Florence,<ref name=fight>[https://books.google.com/books?id=nsye_8Ewk0oC&pg=PA381 The Mid-Atlantic Region]</ref><ref>[http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/july64/more.html JULY ‘64], [[PBS]]</ref> FIGHT chose to remain an exclusively black organization.  In response, Friends of FIGHT was formed, in order to bring in the involvement of white progressives.<ref name=fight />

One of the most well known strategies was the use of the "fart in", or "flatulent blitzkrieg".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6BPKckIixDUC&pg=PA92 Radical: A Portrait of Saul Alinsky]</ref>  Activists were to eat a large baked bean dinner, then attend the quiet Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra where the operation could be better heard.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ph6gBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT466 Pursuing Justice: Traditional and Contemporary Issues in Our Communities and the World]</ref>  Later, Alinsky threatened a "piss in" at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport.<ref>[http://www.nationalreview.com/article/243654/saul-alinsky-complicated-rebel-ronald-radosh Saul Alinsky: A Complicated Rebel], [[National Review]]</ref>  The plan was leaked to city officials that well-dressed black activists would stand in front of the urinals and occupying toilets in men's bathrooms, blocking patrons who actually needed to use the facility from doing so.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6BPKckIixDUC&pg=PA93 Radical: A Portrait of Saul Alinsky]</ref>  The plan was never implemented, as the city caved in to their demands.  

One of the most well known strategies was the use of the "fart in", or "flatulent blitzkrieg".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6BPKckIixDUC&pg=PA92 Radical: A Portrait of Saul Alinsky]</ref>  Activists were to eat a large baked bean dinner, then attend the quiet Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra where the operation could be better heard.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ph6gBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT466 Pursuing Justice: Traditional and Contemporary Issues in Our Communities and the World]</ref>  Later, Alinsky threatened a "piss in" at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport.<ref>[http://www.nationalreview.com/article/243654/saul-alinsky-complicated-rebel-ronald-radosh Saul Alinsky: A Complicated Rebel], [[National Review]]</ref>  The plan was leaked to city officials that well-dressed black activists would stand in front of the urinals and occupying toilets in men's bathrooms, blocking patrons who actually needed to use the facility from doing so.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6BPKckIixDUC&pg=PA93 Radical: A Portrait of Saul Alinsky]</ref>  The plan was never implemented, as the city caved in to their demands.  

==References==

==References==

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{{reflist|4}}

==External links==

==External links==