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*[[Brooklyn Dodgers]] (1947–1956)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/r/robinja02.shtml?redir|work=Baseball-Reference.com|title=Jackie Robinson|language=English|accessdate=May 3, 2009}}</ref>

*[[Brooklyn Dodgers]] (1947–1956)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/r/robinja02.shtml?redir|work=Baseball-Reference.com|title=Jackie Robinson|language=English|accessdate=May 3, 2009}}</ref>

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'''Jackie Roosevelt Robinson''' (Cairo, [[Georgia]], January 31, 1919 - Stanford , [[Connecticut]], October 24, 1972) was a US Army officer and the first black [[Major League Baseball]] player.  Robinson played second base for the [[Brooklyn Dodgers]] from 1947 until his retirement in 1956.  Prior to joining the Dodgers he played for the Kansas City Monarchs of the old Negro League in 1945, and the Dodgers' Triple-A affiliate [[Montréal]] Royals, where he became the first black baseball player to play on an integrated team, in 1946. He was also was a four sport star (baseball, [[football]], [[basketball]] and [[track]]) at [[UCLA]].

'''Jackie Roosevelt Robinson''' (Cairo, [[Georgia]], January 31, 1919 - Stanford, [[Connecticut]], October 24, 1972) was a US Army officer and the first black [[Major League Baseball]] player.  Robinson played second base for the [[Brooklyn Dodgers]] from 1947 until his retirement in 1956.  Prior to joining the Dodgers he played for the Kansas City Monarchs of the old Negro League in 1945, and the Dodgers' Triple-A affiliate [[Montréal]] Royals, where he became the first black baseball player to play on an integrated team, in 1946. He was also was a four sport star (baseball, [[football]], [[basketball]] and [[track]]) at [[UCLA]].

== Career ==

== Career ==

==Political views==

==Political views==

Robinson was a registered Independent, but he described himself as a "Rockefeller Republican."<ref name="long">Long, Michael G., ed (2007). ''First Class Citizenship: the Civil Rights Letters of Jackie Robinson''. Henry Holt. ISBN 0805087109.</ref> He held conservative opinions on several issues, including the [[Vietnam War]], once writing to [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] to defend how [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] was handling the war).<ref name="long"/> Though he supported [[Richard Nixon]] in the 1960 presidential race against [[John F. Kennedy]], he supported [[Hubert Humphrey]] against Nixon in 1968.<ref name="long"/> In 1964, Robinson became one of six national directors for [[Nelson Rockefeller]]'s Republican presidential campaign. Robinson served as special assistant for community affairs when Rockefeller's 1966 re-election as governor of [[New York]].<ref name="loc">[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/robinson/jr1957.html Robinson's Later Career: 1957-1972.] in Baseball, the Color Line, and Jackie Robinson, via [[Library of Congress]]</ref>

Robinson was a registered Independent, but he described himself as a "Rockefeller Republican."<ref name="long">Long, Michael G., ed (2007). ''First Class Citizenship: the Civil Rights Letters of Jackie Robinson''. Henry Holt. ISBN 0805087109.</ref> He held conservative opinions on several issues, including the [[Vietnam War]], once writing to [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] to defend how [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] was handling the war.<ref name="long"/> Though he supported [[Richard Nixon]] in the 1960 presidential race against [[John F. Kennedy]], he supported [[Hubert Humphrey]] against Nixon in 1968.<ref name="long"/> In 1964, Robinson became one of six national directors for [[Nelson Rockefeller]]'s Republican presidential campaign. Robinson served as special assistant for community affairs when Rockefeller's 1966 re-election as governor of [[New York]].<ref name="loc">[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/robinson/jr1957.html Robinson's Later Career: 1957-1972.] in Baseball, the Color Line, and Jackie Robinson, via [[Library of Congress]]</ref>

==Congressional testimony against Paul Robeson==

==Congressional testimony against Paul Robeson==

At an international Soviet sponsored student peace conference held in Paris on April 20, 1949, [[Paul Robeson]] made widely-referenced and controversial comments to the effect that American blacks would not support the [[United States]] in a post-[[World War II]] [[Cold War]] with the [[Soviet Union]], due to continued [[second-class citizen]] status under United States law.<ref>{{cite book |title=Paul Robeson Speaks |last=Foner |isbn=9780806508153 |year=1978 |first=Philip S |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=V_CJfbpKOLwC&pg=PA126&dq=isbn:9780806508153#PPA197,M1 |page=197 |chapter=Address to The Paris Peace Conference}}</ref><ref name=historymatters>{{cite web|url=http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6440/ |publisher=History Matters |title=Paul Robeson Appears Before HUAC |accessdate=2009-04-09}}</ref> This subsequent controversy caused the [[House Committee on Un-American Activities]] (HUAC) to investigate Robeson and his  Communist sympathies.<ref>[[#Duberman|Duberman]], p. 358.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=224776 |title=Un-American Activities, House Committee on |accessdate=2008-11-12 |publisher=[[History (TV channel)|History]]}}</ref> HUAC called upon Robinson, as a famed African American baseball player, to impugn Robeson.

At an international Soviet sponsored student peace conference held in Paris on April 20, 1949, [[Paul Robeson]] made widely referenced and controversial comments to the effect that American blacks would not support the [[United States]] in a post-[[World War II]] [[Cold War]] with the [[Soviet Union]], due to continued [[second-class citizen]] status under United States law.<ref>{{cite book |title=Paul Robeson Speaks |last=Foner |isbn=9780806508153 |year=1978 |first=Philip S |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=V_CJfbpKOLwC&pg=PA126&dq=isbn:9780806508153#PPA197,M1 |page=197 |chapter=Address to The Paris Peace Conference}}</ref><ref name=historymatters>{{cite web|url=http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6440/ |publisher=History Matters |title=Paul Robeson Appears Before HUAC |accessdate=2009-04-09}}</ref> This subsequent controversy caused the [[House Committee on Un-American Activities]] (HUAC) to investigate Robeson and his  Communist sympathies.<ref>[[#Duberman|Duberman]], p. 358.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=224776 |title=Un-American Activities, House Committee on |accessdate=2008-11-12 |publisher=[[History (TV channel)|History]]}}</ref> HUAC called upon Robinson, as a famed African American baseball player, to impugn Robeson.

===Robeson's prior advocacy for Robinson===

===Robeson's prior advocacy for Robinson===