Changes

In 1276 King [[Edward I]] of England heavily taxed Jewish moneylenders. When the moneylenders could no longer pay the taxes, they were accused of disloyalty and abused. The occupations which Jews could practice were restricted as were their movements. Jews were also forced to wear a yellow patch. Later the heads of Jewish households were then arrested and often taken to the Tower of London to be murdered. Others were murdered in their homes. Finally, in in 1290, all Jews were banished from England and thousands were murdered or drowned while fleeing. All Jewish money and property was confiscated.

In 1276 King [[Edward I]] of England heavily taxed Jewish moneylenders. When the moneylenders could no longer pay the taxes, they were accused of disloyalty and abused. The occupations which Jews could practice were restricted as were their movements. Jews were also forced to wear a yellow patch. Later the heads of Jewish households were then arrested and often taken to the Tower of London to be murdered. Others were murdered in their homes. Finally, in in 1290, all Jews were banished from England and thousands were murdered or drowned while fleeing. All Jewish money and property was confiscated.

During the [[Black Death]] epidemics that devastated Europe in the mid-14th century people  blamed the Jews and hundreds of Jewish communities were destroyed by violence, in particular in the [[Iberian Peninsular]] and in the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. After the 1348 Papal bull, 900 Jews in Strasbourg, were burnt at the stake.

During the [[Black Death]] epidemics that devastated Europe in the mid-14th century people  blamed the Jews and hundreds of Jewish communities were destroyed by violence, in particular in the [[Iberian Peninsula]] and in the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. After the 1348 Papal bull, 900 Jews in Strasbourg, were burnt at the stake.

In 1492 the Roman Catholic Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile told the Jews to leave Spain or convert to Christianity. Those who remained and converted to Christianity were often tortured by the [[Spanish Inquisition]] in order to test the sincerity of their conversion. Much the same happened in Portugal from December 1496. In 1504 the Roman Catholic mob murdered up to five thousand Jews.

In 1492 the Roman Catholic Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of [[Castile]] told the Jews to leave Spain or convert to Christianity. Those who remained and converted to Christianity were often tortured by the [[Spanish Inquisition]] in order to test the sincerity of their conversion. Much the same happened in [[Portugal]] from December 1496. In 1504 the Roman Catholic mob murdered up to five thousand Jews.

The 1933-1945 Nazi regime in Germany, praised by Alois Hudal a Rome-based Catholic bishop, who in 1937 published the book ''The Foundations of National Socialism'', instigated the [[Holocaust]] murdering six million Jews by the time of liberation in 1945. After liberation an Italy-based network of Catholic clerics, including Alois Hudal, helped many Nazis escape justice to South America.

The 1933-1945 Nazi regime in Germany, praised by Alois Hudal a Rome-based Catholic bishop, who in 1937 published the book ''The Foundations of National Socialism'', instigated the [[Holocaust]] murdering six million Jews by the time of liberation in 1945. After liberation an Italy-based network of Catholic clerics, including Alois Hudal, helped many Nazis escape justice to South America.