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The United States never recognized Manchukuo and refused to concede Japanese dominance over the region during the efforts of [[Cordell Hull]] and Nomura Kichisaburo to avoid war in 1941.
The United States never recognized Manchukuo and refused to concede Japanese dominance over the region during the efforts of [[Cordell Hull]] and Nomura Kichisaburo to avoid war in 1941.
==1945 and after==
==1945 and after==
At [[Yalta Agreement|Yalta]](in February 1945, President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] secretly agreed to give the Soviet Union Japan's sphere of interest in Manchuria in return for Soviet intervention in the war in Asia. The Red Army entered Manchuria in August 1945 and remained there until April 1946. After Soviet forces withdrew, [[Mao Zedong]] and his People's Liberation Army defeated Chiang Kai-shek's [[Kuomintang]] armies in Manchuria as in the rest of China. An agreement between Mao and [[Joseph Stalin]] in 1950 led to complete Chinese sovereignty in 1955. A separate American policy toward these northeastern provinces of China ceased to exist after 1947, when the administration of [[Harry S. Truman]] rejected Gen. Albert C. Wedemeyer's proposal for a five-power or [[United Nations]] trusteeship for Manchuria. Communist strength in Manchuria proved the base, and "anvil of victory," for their forces against the Nationalists in 1948.<ref>Steven I. Levine, ''Anvil of Victory: The Communist Revolution in Manchuria, 1945–1947'' (1987).</ref> Manchuria was also the Chinese base for intervention in the [[Korean War]] in late 1950 to prevent a UN rollback of Communist North Korea.
At [[Yalta Agreement|Yalta]](in February 1945) President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] secretly agreed to give the Soviet Union Japan's sphere of interest in Manchuria in return for Soviet intervention in the war in Asia. The Red Army entered Manchuria in August 1945 and remained there until April 1946. After Soviet forces withdrew, [[Mao Zedong]] and his People's Liberation Army defeated Chiang Kai-shek's [[Kuomintang]] armies in Manchuria as in the rest of China. An agreement between Mao and [[Joseph Stalin]] in 1950 led to complete Chinese sovereignty in 1955. A separate American policy toward these northeastern provinces of China ceased to exist after 1947, when the administration of [[Harry S. Truman]] rejected Gen. Albert C. Wedemeyer's proposal for a five-power or [[United Nations]] trusteeship for Manchuria. Communist strength in Manchuria proved the base, and "anvil of victory," for their forces against the Nationalists in 1948.<ref>Steven I. Levine, ''Anvil of Victory: The Communist Revolution in Manchuria, 1945–1947'' (1987).</ref> Manchuria was also the Chinese base for intervention in the [[Korean War]] in late 1950 to prevent a UN rollback of Communist North Korea.
==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
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* Gordon, David M. ''The China-Japan War, 1931–1945.'' ''The Journal of Military History'' v70#1 (2006) 137-182; major historiographical overview of all important books and interpretations; in [[Project Muse]]
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* Iriye, Akira and Warren Cohen, eds. ''American, Chinese, and Japanese Perspectives on Wartime Asia, 1931–1949,'' (1990)
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* Jowett, Philip. ''Rays of the Rising Sun, Volume 1: Japan's Asian Allies 1931-45, China and Manchukuo'' (vol 1 2005) [http://www.amazon.com/Rays-Rising-Sun-1931-45-Manchukuo/dp/1874622213/ref=pd_bbs_sr_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1213754493&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
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* Suleski, Ronald. "Japan's Total Empire: Manchuria and the Culture of Wartime Imperialism," ''Pacific Affairs,'' Vol. 72, 1999 [http://www.questia.com/read/5002319714?title=Japan's%20Total%20Empire%3a%20Manchuria%20and%20the%20Culture%20of%20Wartime%20Imperialism online edition]
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* Tanner, Harold M. "Guerrilla, Mobile, and Base Warfare in Communist Military Operations in Manchuria, 1945–1947," ''Journal of Military History'' 67 (October 2003): 1177–1222.
* Tanner, Harold M. "Guerrilla, Mobile, and Base Warfare in Communist Military Operations in Manchuria, 1945–1947," ''Journal of Military History'' 67 (October 2003): 1177–1222.
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* Thorne, Christopher. '' The Limits of Foreign Policy: The West, the League and the Far Eastern Crisis of 1931-1933'' (1972)
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