| − | Whether or not these desperate but extensive defense measures would have made an invasion prohibitively expensive in American lives is a matter for speculation. It is reasonable to assume, however, that Operation "Downfall" could have been successfully concluded only after a hard and bitter struggle with no quarter asked or given. Certainly there would have been a massive number of casualties; some estimates give them in excess of one million. While planners for both sides were finalizing the details, the atomic bomb was tested near White Sands, New Mexico in mid-July, 1945; two would be dropped on Japan in August. Although frightening in its own accord, the casualties suffered at Hiroshima and Nagasaki as a result of the atomic bombs were far less then expected for "Downfall." It was fortunate for both sides that Japan realized the wisdom of surrender and that the Allied plan eventually executed was not "Downfall" but "Blacklist"; a peaceful occupation without gunfire, without further destruction, and without bloodshed. | + | Whether or not these desperate but extensive defense measures would have made an invasion prohibitively expensive in American lives is a matter for speculation. It is reasonable to assume, however, that Operation "Downfall" could have been successfully concluded only after a hard and bitter struggle with no quarter asked or given. Certainly there would have been a massive number of casualties; some estimates give them in excess of one million. While planners for both sides were finalizing the details, the atomic bomb was tested near White Sands, New Mexico in mid-July, 1945; two would be dropped on Japan in August. Although frightening in its own accord, the casualties suffered at Hiroshima and Nagasaki as a result of the atomic bombs were far less than expected for "Downfall." It was fortunate for both sides that Japan realized the wisdom of surrender and that the Allied plan eventually executed was not "Downfall" but "Blacklist"; a peaceful occupation without gunfire, without further destruction, and without bloodshed. |