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== Religious studies==

== Religious studies==

Freud wrote two works on the psycological dimension of religion, ''Moses and Monotheism,'' and ''The Future of an Illusion.''<ref>Gregory Zilboorg, ''Freud and Religion: a Restatement of an Old Controversy,'' 49.</ref> Both, particularly the second, were attacks on religion.

Freud wrote two works on the psychological dimension of religion, ''Moses and Monotheism,'' and ''The Future of an Illusion.''<ref>Gregory Zilboorg, ''Freud and Religion: a Restatement of an Old Controversy,'' 49.</ref> Both, particularly the second, were attacks on religion.

== Theories ==

== Theories ==

== Science issues==

== Science issues==

Freud's theories are viewed by some as unscientific because they lack [[falsifiability]], as claimed by [[Karl Popper]].<ref>Popper, Karl R.: [http://www.stephenjaygould.org/ctrl/popper_falsification.html 'Science as Falsification'], ''Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge'' (London, 1963)</ref> Adolf Grünbaum disagrees with Popper's view, and argues that some of Freud's theories are falsifiable and may conceivably be correct. Grünbaum gives as an example Freud's ideas about the development of [[homosexuality]], referring to Freud's paper "The psychogenesis of a case of homosexuality in a woman."<ref>Grünbaum, Adolf, ''Validation in the Clinical Theory of Psychoanalysis'', pp 320-321)</ref> Hans Eysenck has said that Freud's theories are falsifiable and therefore are a science, although an incorrect one.<ref>Eysenck, Hans ''Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire'' Transaction Publishers page 14</ref>

Freud's theories are viewed by some as unscientific because they lack [[falsifiability]], as claimed by [[Karl Popper]].<ref>Popper, Karl R.: [http://www.stephenjaygould.org/ctrl/popper_falsification.html 'Science as Falsification'], ''Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge'' (London, 1963)</ref> Adolf Grünbaum disagrees with Popper's view, and argues that some of Freud's theories are falsifiable and may conceivably be correct. Grünbaum gives as an example Freud's ideas about the development of [[homosexuality]], referring to Freud's paper "The psychogenesis of a case of homosexuality in a woman."<ref>Grünbaum, Adolf, ''Validation in the Clinical Theory of Psychoanalysis'' (pp 320-321)</ref> Hans Eysenck has said that Freud's theories are falsifiable and therefore are a science, although an incorrect one.<ref>Eysenck, Hans ''Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire'' Transaction Publishers page 14</ref>

Freud's therapeutic methods continue to have a lasting importance in psychotherapy.  As recently as 1987 approximately 75% of practicing therapists relied on Freud's psychoanalytic ideas in therapy.<ref>(Pope, K.S., Tabachnick, B. & Keith-Spiegel, P. (1987). Ethics of practice: The beliefs and behaviors of psychologists as therapists. ''American Psychologist, 42,'' 993-1006).</ref>  Among the techniques instituted by Freud that are still in use today are:

Freud's therapeutic methods continue to have a lasting importance in psychotherapy.  As recently as 1987 approximately 75% of practicing therapists relied on Freud's psychoanalytic ideas in therapy.<ref>(Pope, K.S., Tabachnick, B. & Keith-Spiegel, P. (1987). Ethics of practice: The beliefs and behaviors of psychologists as therapists. ''American Psychologist, 42,'' 993-1006).</ref>  Among the techniques instituted by Freud that are still in use today are: