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The Jews fought tenaciously.  Emperor Hadrian had to personally come to Judea with at least four whole legions, one of which was probably annihilated in the war.  The Romans razed many Jewish towns and murdered masses.  Finally, in the winter of 135-136 AD, they pushed bar-Kokhba back to his headquarters at Betar, where he and his last defenders never surrendered but died from hunger and thirst in the besieged town.<ref name="liv" />  So many Romans had perished in the war that Hadrian, in writing to the [[Roman Senate]], refused to employ the opening phrase commonly affected by the emperors: 'If you and your children are in health, it is well; I and the army are in health.'<ref>Cassius Dio, Roman history 69.14.3</ref>

The Jews fought tenaciously.  Emperor Hadrian had to personally come to Judea with at least four whole legions, one of which was probably annihilated in the war.  The Romans razed many Jewish towns and murdered masses.  Finally, in the winter of 135-136 AD, they pushed bar-Kokhba back to his headquarters at Betar, where he and his last defenders never surrendered but died from hunger and thirst in the besieged town.<ref name="liv" />  So many Romans had perished in the war that Hadrian, in writing to the [[Roman Senate]], refused to employ the opening phrase commonly affected by the emperors: 'If you and your children are in health, it is well; I and the army are in health.'<ref>Cassius Dio, Roman history 69.14.3</ref>

With Bar-Kokhba perished the last Jewish state or army until the 1900's.  Hadrian razed Jerusalem and forbade Jews from studying the Torah or circumcising their children.  Forever after, Messianic claims were suspect among the Jews.  The Mishnah omits many mentions of Messiah, and it apologizes for Akiba's obviously-wrong recognition of bar-Kokhba.  The Jewish rabbis even refused to use his real name or semi-Messianic title, calling him instead "bar-Kosiba," "son of a lie."

With Bar-Kokhba perished the last Jewish state or army until the 1900s.  Hadrian razed Jerusalem and forbade Jews from studying the Torah or circumcising their children.  Forever after, Messianic claims were suspect among the Jews.  The Mishnah omits many mentions of Messiah, and it apologizes for Akiba's obviously-wrong recognition of bar-Kokhba.  The Jewish rabbis even refused to use his real name or semi-Messianic title, calling him instead "bar-Kosiba," "son of a lie."

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